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Awareness

Unveiling Obesogens: The Hidden Culprits in Weight Gain

3/31/2024

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In our modern world, where convenience often comes at a cost, the prevalence of obesogens – chemicals that disrupt the body's normal metabolism and contribute to weight gain – has emerged as a growing concern. From everyday products to industrial pollutants, obesogens permeate our environment, exerting subtle yet profound effects on our health and well-being.

Commonly encountered obesogens

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Among the many obesogens encountered in daily life, several stand out for their widespread use and potential health impacts:
  1. Bisphenol A (BPA): Found in plastics, food can linings, and thermal paper receipts, BPA is notorious for its endocrine-disrupting properties, which can interfere with hormone signaling and contribute to weight gain.
  2. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): These industrial chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), can accumulate in the environment and the food chain, posing risks to human health and metabolism.
  3. Phthalates: Commonly used in plastics, personal care products, and food packaging, phthalates have been linked to disruptions in metabolic processes and adipose tissue function.
  4. Artificial Sweeteners: While marketed as calorie-free alternatives to sugar, artificial sweeteners like aspartame can disrupt gut microbiota and metabolic signaling pathways, potentially contributing to weight gain.
  5. Pesticides: Chemicals used in agriculture to control pests, such as glyphosate, can also disrupt endocrine function and metabolic regulation, posing risks to human health.
  6. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): PCBs are a group of synthetic organic chemicals formerly used in various industrial applications (electrical equipment, hydraulic systems, and heat transfer fluids, and various consumer products such as paints, sealants, and plastics), known for their persistence in the environment (soil, water, air) and their potential to cause adverse health effects in humans and wildlife.
  7. Processed foods: Processed foods often contain obesogens like Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, which can leach into the food from packaging materials or be introduced during processing. These chemicals can disrupt metabolic function and contribute to weight gain, emphasizing the importance of choosing whole, unprocessed foods whenever possible to minimize exposure.
Bisphenol F
Bisphenol P
Bisphenol S
Antibiotics
Aspartame
Soy
Fructose
Cow Milk (Pasteurized) 
Thimerosal
Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)
β-hexachlorocyclohexane (βHCH)
2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP)

Mechanisms of Action

Obesogens exert their effects through various mechanisms, including:
  • Endocrine Disruption: Many obesogens interfere with hormone signaling pathways, particularly those involved in metabolism and adipogenesis (the formation of fat cells).
  • Disruption of Gut Microbiota: Some obesogens alter the composition and function of gut bacteria, which play a crucial role in metabolic regulation and energy balance.
  • Epigenetic Modifications: Exposure to obesogens during critical periods of development, such as prenatal or early childhood, can lead to long-lasting changes in gene expression that predispose individuals to weight gain and metabolic disorders.
  • Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Obesogens can trigger inflammatory responses and increase oxidative stress, both of which are implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic and mitochondrial disorders.
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Disruption of Metabolism via Mitochondria

Obesogens, through their pervasive presence in our environment, exert insidious effects on metabolic function, including the intricate workings of mitochondria – the cellular powerhouses responsible for energy production. By disrupting mitochondrial function, obesogens can contribute to metabolic dysregulation and, ultimately, weight gain.

Mitochondria play a central role in energy metabolism, converting nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary source of cellular energy. However, exposure to obesogens can impair mitochondrial function through various mechanisms, including:
  • Oxidative Stress: Obesogens can promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within mitochondria, leading to oxidative damage and dysfunction.
  • Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Some obesogens interfere with the process of mitochondrial biogenesis, the creation of new mitochondria, which is essential for maintaining optimal energy metabolism.
  • Respiratory Chain Dysfunction: Obesogens may disrupt the electron transport chain, a series of protein complexes within mitochondria that generate ATP, impairing energy production.
  • Mitochondrial Membrane Integrity: Obesogens can compromise the integrity of mitochondrial membranes, affecting the transport of ions and molecules critical for energy production.

​The disruption of mitochondrial function by obesogens can have profound implications for metabolic health and contribute to obesity through several pathways:
  1. Impaired Energy Expenditure: Dysfunctional mitochondria are less efficient at generating ATP, leading to reduced energy expenditure and a propensity for weight gain.
  2. Insulin Resistance: Mitochondrial dysfunction can impair insulin signaling pathways, contributing to insulin resistance, a hallmark of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
  3. Altered Lipid Metabolism: Mitochondria play a crucial role in lipid metabolism, including the breakdown of fatty acids for energy. Disrupted mitochondrial function can lead to aberrant lipid accumulation and adipogenesis, contributing to obesity.

causative relationship with health conditions

The impact of obesogens on human health extends beyond weight gain, with associations documented with various health conditions, including:
  • Obesity: Obesogens have been implicated in the global obesity epidemic, contributing to excess weight gain and adiposity. This includes being overweight, abdominal obesity (midsection fat), childhood and adult obesity.
  • Insulin Resistance and Diabetes: Disruption of metabolic pathways by obesogens can lead to insulin resistance, a precursor to type 2 diabetes.
  • Fatty Liver Disease: Chemical exposures, including those to bisphenols and phthalates, have been linked to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Additionally, obesogens are highly related to the following health conditions and physiologic imbalances:
Bisphenol Toxicity
Bisphenol-A Toxicity
​Chemically-Induced Liver Damage
​Fetal Origin of Adult Disease
​Fructose-Induced Toxicity
​Glyphosate Toxicity
​High Fat Diet
​Inflammation
Infant Chemical Exposures
Infant Nutrition
Insulin Resistance
​Oxidative Stress
​Phthalate Toxicity
​Prenatal Chemical Exposures
Triglycerides: Elevated

Unraveling the Role of Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue

Relatively little is known about the extent to which obesogen exposure programs dysfunctional adipose tissue that may store but not mobilize fat. However, emerging evidence suggests that obesogens may contribute to adipocyte dysfunction, leading to altered fat storage and metabolism. One potential underlying factor is suboptimal liver detoxification pathways due to inadequate micronutrient cofactors.
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Inadequate levels of essential micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, can impair liver detoxification pathways responsible for metabolizing and eliminating obesogens from the body. As a result, obesogens may accumulate in adipose tissue, disrupting metabolic function and contributing to weight gain. Additionally, micronutrient deficiencies can compromise mitochondrial function, further exacerbating metabolic dysfunction and obesity risk.​

​​A Layman's Overview of Obesogens: Redefining the Weight Loss Paradigm

In the quest for weight loss, many of us often find ourselves fixating on calorie counting, fad diets, or intense workout regimens. However, what if I told you that the key to achieving a healthy weight isn't solely about shedding pounds but rather fixing your metabolism? Enter obesogens – a lesser-known yet influential factor in the obesity epidemic.

As mentioned, obesogens are chemicals found in our environment, ranging from pesticides and plastics to food additives and personal care products. These substances have the uncanny ability to disrupt our body's natural weight-regulating mechanisms, leading to weight gain and metabolic dysfunction. Instead of solely blaming calories in versus calories out, it's essential to recognize the role obesogens play in shaping our metabolism.

The Better Question: Fixing Metabolism

Rather than constantly asking ourselves, "How do I lose weight?" a more pertinent question would be:
"How do I fix my metabolism?"
Fixing metabolism involves addressing the root cause of weight gain – obesogen exposure and metabolic disruption. By eliminating or reducing our exposure to obesogens and ensuring our bodies receive essential micronutrients, we can optimize metabolic function and promote overall health.

The Two-Fold Solution

To achieve optimal health and maintain a healthy weight, a two-fold approach is necessary:
​

​1. Reduce Toxin Exposure: Minimize exposure to obesogens by making conscious choices in our daily lives. This includes opting for organic produce, using natural cleaning and personal care products, and avoiding plastic containers and food packaging whenever possible. By participating in a structured evidenced-based detoxification program, we in turn lower our toxic burden, and we can mitigate the adverse effects of obesogens on our metabolism.
Learn more about detoxification
2. Consume Micronutrients: Vital micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, serve as essential cofactors in metabolic pathways. Ensuring adequate intake of these micronutrients through a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can support optimal metabolic function. Additionally, supplementation may be necessary to address any deficiencies and promote metabolic health.
​
The conventional approach to weight loss often overlooks the critical role obesogens play in metabolic dysfunction. Instead of solely focusing on calorie restriction or intense exercise, shifting our focus to fixing metabolism through toxin reduction and micronutrient consumption offers a more holistic and sustainable solution to achieving optimal health. By addressing the underlying factors contributing to metabolic disruption, we can pave the way for lasting weight management and overall well-being.

the harm of environmental toxins

The disruption of metabolic and mitochondrial function by obesogens represents a significant public health concern, with implications for obesity and metabolic disease. By understanding the mechanisms through which obesogens impair mitochondrial function and contribute to weight gain, researchers can develop targeted interventions to mitigate their adverse effects on metabolic health. Moreover, addressing underlying factors such as suboptimal liver detoxification pathways and micronutrient deficiencies is essential in combating the detrimental impact of obesogens on metabolic function and obesity prevalence.

The pervasive presence of obesogens in our environment underscores the need for greater awareness and regulation of these harmful chemicals. By minimizing exposure to obesogens and advocating for safer alternatives, we can mitigate their adverse effects on human health and combat the rising tide of obesity and metabolic disease. As we navigate the complexities of modern living, vigilance and informed consumer choices are essential in safeguarding our health and well-being against the hidden threats of obesogens.

Taking Action: The Integral Wellness Program​

For those seeking tangible solutions to combat the effects of obesogens and improve their overall well-being, the Integral Wellness Program offers a comprehensive approach to optimizing health and vitality. This flagship service provides personalized guidance and support in key areas of movement, nutrition, and lifestyle to directly enhance quality of life.
Learn more about the integral wellness program
Online/In-Person Guidance
One of the standout features of the Integral Wellness Program is its flexibility, offering both online and in-person consultations tailored to individual preferences and needs. Whether you prefer the convenience of virtual sessions or the hands-on approach of in-person coaching, our team of experienced wellness professionals is dedicated to supporting you every step of the way.
​Movement, Nutrition, and Lifestyle
The Integral Wellness Program takes a holistic approach to health, addressing modifiable factors and behaviors in three core areas:
  1. Movement: Through customized movement plans and exercise routines, participants are empowered to enhance physical fitness, flexibility, and overall mobility. Whether you're a seasoned athlete or new to fitness, our expert coaches will guide you towards achieving your movement goals safely and effectively.
  2. Nutrition: Central to the Integral Wellness Program is the emphasis on nutrient-dense foods and supplements to fuel and energize your body optimally. Our nutrition experts will work with you to develop personalized meal plans and dietary strategies tailored to your unique needs and preferences. By eliminating obesogen exposure and prioritizing wholesome, nourishing foods, you can support metabolic health and achieve sustainable weight management.
  3. Lifestyle: Beyond movement and nutrition, the Integral Wellness Program addresses lifestyle factors that contribute to overall well-being. From stress management techniques to sleep hygiene practices, our holistic approach encompasses all aspects of lifestyle optimization to promote balance, resilience, and vitality.

​Augmenting the Health Process
By participating in the Integral Wellness Program, you'll not only gain valuable knowledge and skills to navigate the challenges of modern living but also receive ongoing support and accountability to stay on track towards your health goals. Through targeted interventions aimed at eliminating obesogen exposure and promoting healthy behaviors, you can unlock your body's full potential and thrive in all aspects of life.
Learn more about the integral wellness program
The Integral Wellness Program offers a transformative journey towards optimal health and vitality. By prioritizing movement, nutrition, and lifestyle modifications, participants can take proactive steps to combat the effects of obesogens and reclaim control over their well-being. With the guidance and support of our dedicated wellness professionals, you'll embark on a path of self-discovery, empowerment, and lasting transformation.

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Unpacking the Potential Harms of Wellbutrin: Neurotransmitter Modulation and Considerations for Special Populations

2/16/2024

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Bupropion, originally named Amfebutamone, sold under the brand name Wellbutrin, is a medication commonly prescribed for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), as is often used off-label for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, obesity, and bipolar disorder. While it has demonstrated efficacy in addressing certain mental health issues, it is essential to examine the potential harms associated with its use, particularly considering its modulation of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine. This article aims to shed light on the risks of Wellbutrin use, with a focus on its implications for pregnant or lactating women. Additionally, we'll explore the idea that the indications for Wellbutrin may stem from underlying nutrition and lifestyle factors rather than a deficiency of the medication.
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prescription trends

As of 2021, Bupropion, maintained its position as the 18th most prescribed drug in the United States. With an estimated 29,099,445 prescriptions filled, it remains a widely utilized medication in the realm of psychiatric pharmaceuticals. This notable figure underscores the prevalence of its use in addressing various conditions, including depression and smoking cessation.

The estimated number of patients in the United States receiving Bupropion in 2021 reached 6,412,363. This statistic reflects the significant impact and reach of Bupropion across diverse patient populations. Its popularity could be attributed to its purported effectiveness in managing depressive disorders, ADHD, anxiety, and aiding individuals in smoking cessation efforts.

description

Wellbutrin (bupropion hydrochloride), unlike any other antidepressant on the market, is chemically characterized as a monocyclic aminoketone, is chemically unrelated to tricyclic, tetracyclic, selective serotonin re‑uptake inhibitor, or other known antidepressant agents. Its structure closely resembles that of diethylpropion; it is related to phenylethylamines. It is designated as (±)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]-propanone hydrochloride. Bupropion hydrochloride powder is white, crystalline, and highly soluble in water. It has a bitter taste and produces the sensation of local anesthesia on the oral mucosa. There is documented interindividual variability - everyone responds differently.
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Molecular weight: 276.2 - Molecular formula: C13H18ClNO•HCl

Neurotransmitter Modulation: The Double-Edged Sword

Wellbutrin functions by influencing the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, primarily inhibiting the breakdown of norepinephrine and dopamine. While this mechanism contributes to its antidepressant effects, it also raises concerns about potential side effects and risks. Altering neurotransmitter levels can lead to a range of adverse effects, with the most common including:
  • anxiety
  • dry mouth
  • hyperventilation
  • irregular heartbeats
  • irritability
  • restlessness
  • shaking
  • trouble sleeping

Here are some of the possible harms and common side effects associated with Wellbutrin:
  1. Insomnia: Difficulty sleeping is a frequently reported side effect.
  2. Dry Mouth: Many users experience a persistent dry mouth.
  3. Headache: Headaches are a common complaint.
  4. Nausea and Vomiting: Some people may feel nauseous or vomit.
  5. Constipation: Gastrointestinal issues, such as constipation, are possible.
  6. Dizziness: Users may experience dizziness or lightheadedness.
  7. Weight Loss: Appetite suppression can lead to weight loss.
  8. Increased Sweating: Excessive sweating is another potential side effect.
Serious Side Effects
  1. Seizures: Wellbutrin can increase the risk of seizures, especially at higher doses.
  2. Hypertension: Elevated blood pressure has been reported.
  3. Mania: In some cases, Wellbutrin can trigger manic episodes in individuals with bipolar disorder.
  4. Psychiatric Symptoms: Agitation, anxiety, and psychosis have been observed.
  5. Liver Damage: Although rare, Wellbutrin can cause liver injury.
Allergic Reactions
  1. Rash and Itching: Skin reactions such as rashes and itching can occur.
  2. Swelling: Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat can indicate a severe allergic reaction.
  3. Difficulty Breathing: Respiratory issues are a severe sign of an allergic reaction.
Cardiovascular Effects
  1. Palpitations: Users may experience an irregular heartbeat or palpitations.
  2. Increased Heart Rate: Tachycardia, or an increased heart rate, can occur.
Psychiatric Risks
  1. Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: Like other antidepressants, Wellbutrin carries a risk of increased suicidal thoughts and behaviors, especially in young adults and adolescents.
Other Considerations
  1. Drug Interactions: Wellbutrin can interact with other medications, leading to adverse effects or reduced efficacy.
  2. Use in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: See Below. The safety of Wellbutrin during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well established and should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Long-Term Risks
  1. Dependence and Withdrawal: Although less common, some users may develop dependence or experience withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation.
View the full list of side effects
While the approach of inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine aims to enhance the availability of these neurotransmitters in the brain, an imbalance can lead to adverse effects. Excessive levels or prolonged elevated concentrations of these neurotransmitters may contribute to overstimulation and disrupt normal neural signaling.

Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter involved in the body's "fight or flight" response, influencing heart rate and blood pressure. Medications that impact norepinephrine reuptake can lead to cardiovascular side effects, including increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure. Individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions may be at a higher risk for complications.

Altered levels of dopamine and norepinephrine can influence mood and behavior. In some cases, inhibiting reuptake may contribute to psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, restlessness, or irritability. Balancing the desired therapeutic effects with potential adverse psychological consequences is a delicate consideration.

Abruptly discontinuing medications that inhibit dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake can lead to withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms may include mood swings, fatigue, and cognitive disturbances. Additionally, some individuals may develop a dependence on these medications, requiring careful management to taper off gradually.

Dopamine and norepinephrine play roles in regulating sleep and appetite. Disrupting these neurotransmitters can lead to sleep disturbances, insomnia, or changes in appetite. Monitoring and addressing these side effects are crucial for maintaining overall well-being during the course of treatment.

The response to medications that inhibit dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake can vary widely among individuals. Factors such as genetic predispositions, existing medical conditions, and concurrent medications may influence how the body reacts to these interventions. Individualized treatment plans and close monitoring are essential components of responsible prescribing.​

Impact on Pregnant or Lactating Women

Pregnancy and lactation introduce unique considerations when it comes to medication use. The use of Wellbutrin (bupropion) or any other medication during pregnancy requires careful consideration of potential risks and benefits. While studies on the safety of Wellbutrin during pregnancy are inconclusive, there is evidence suggesting a potential association with adverse outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight. Additionally, Wellbutrin and its metabolites are present in human breast milk excretions, raising concerns about its impact on nursing infants including alterations in neurotransmitters. Expectant or breastfeeding mothers should engage in thorough discussions with their healthcare providers to weigh the potential benefits against the risks and explore alternative treatment options.

Here are some considerations regarding the potential harms of taking Wellbutrin during pregnancy:

  1. Risk of Birth Defects: Researchers have observed ​a potential association between the use of certain antidepressants, including Wellbutrin, during the first trimester of pregnancy and a slightly increased risk of certain birth defects. However, the absolute risk is generally low. In rabbits, increased incidences of fetal malformations and skeletal variations were observed at the lowest dose tested (25 mg per kg per day, approximately equal to the maximum recommended human dose on a mg per m2 basis) and greater. 
  2. Neonatal Complications: Neonatal complications, such as withdrawal symptoms or adaptation issues, have been reported in infants born to mothers who took Wellbutrin during pregnancy. These symptoms are typically transient and managed by healthcare professionals.
  3. Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight: Researchers have observed a possible association between antidepressant use during pregnancy and an increased risk of preterm birth or low birth weight. In rabbits, decreased fetal weights were observed at 50 mg per kg and greater. However, the overall impact is modest, and the reasons for these associations are complex.
  4. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN): There have been concerns about a potential link between maternal antidepressant use, including Wellbutrin, and an increased risk of PPHN. However, research results have been inconsistent, and the absolute risk remains low.

Wellbutrin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It's essential for individuals taking Wellbutrin and considering pregnancy, or those who become pregnant while on the medication, to discuss their situation with healthcare professionals. Abruptly stopping antidepressant medication can lead to a recurrence of depressive symptoms, which may have its own set of risks during pregnancy.

Healthcare providers will carefully weigh the potential risks and benefits based on the individual's mental health needs. In some cases, healthcare professionals may recommend continuing the medication, adjusting the dosage, or exploring alternative treatments.

Pregnant individuals should inform their healthcare providers about their medication use and work collaboratively to make informed decisions that prioritize both maternal mental health and the well-being of the developing fetus.

Inactive Ingredients

Wellbutrin is supplied for oral administration as 75‑mg (yellow‑gold) and 100‑mg (red) film‑coated tablets. Each tablet contains the labeled amount of bupropion hydrochloride and the inactive ingredients:
  • 75‑mg tablet – D&C Yellow No. 10 Lake, FD&C Yellow No. 6 Lake, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, talc, and titanium dioxide
  • 100‑mg tablet – FD&C Red No. 40 Lake, FD&C Yellow No. 6 Lake, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, talc, and titanium dioxide.
View the Package Insert
While the active ingredient in Wellbutrin plays a significant role in its pharmacological effects, it's important not to overlook the inactive ingredients in the formulation. While they make up a smaller portion of the overall product, their cumulative impact should not be underestimated, especially considering the frequent administration of the medication.

Though often considered inert, inactive ingredients can still interact with the body in various ways, potentially influencing drug absorption, metabolism, and overall therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, individual sensitivities or allergic reactions to certain inactive ingredients can occur, further emphasizing the importance of evaluating the entire list of components.
​
Even seemingly minor alterations in inactive ingredients can have profound implications, particularly when considering long-term usage. Over time, repeated exposure to these substances may contribute to cumulative effects or unexpected reactions. Therefore, comprehensive scrutiny of all ingredients, active and inactive alike, is essential for a thorough assessment of the safety profile of Wellbutrin and other pharmaceutical products.

Impact of Food coloring

The vibrant hues that adorn our favorite processed foods often come from artificial food colorings, but behind the visual appeal lies a potential risk, particularly for pregnant or lactating women. Artificial food color usually contains petroleum and is manufactured in a chemical process that includes formaldehyde, aniline, hydroxides, and sulfuric acids. Most impurities in the food color are in the form of salts or acids. Sometimes lead, arsenic, and mercury may be present as impurities. The U.S. FDA is yet to study the effects of synthetic dyes on behavior in children. 

To date, there are numerous scientific articles highlighting the relationship of consumption of food colorings to the following health conditions:
  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
  • Hyperkinetic Syndrome
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Chemically-Induced Liver Damage
  • Food Allergies
  • Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis
  • DNA damage
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Asthma
  • Allergies
  • Angioedema
  • Excitotoxicity
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Urticaria

Underlying these conditions are the documented mechanics of action that cause physiologic imbalance, which include:
  • Cytotoxicity
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Genotoxicity
  • Mutagenicity
  • Neurotoxicity

​Research has raised concerns about the consumption of food colorings and their potential adverse effects, including implications for conditions like ADHD, autism, and gastrointestinal dysfunction.

There is a substantial amount of data exploring the connection between artificial food colorings and ADHD. Researchers suggest that certain artificial colorings may exacerbate hyperactivity and inattention in children with ADHD. Pregnant women, mindful of their diet's impact on fetal development, may choose to limit the intake of foods containing these colorings.

The relationship between food colorings and autism spectrum disorders (and the underlying inflammation in the brain) is a topic of ongoing investigation. Meta-analysis have documented a link, emphasizing the need for caution, especially during pregnancy and lactation. As the developing brain is susceptible to external influences, limiting exposure to artificial additives becomes a consideration for expectant and nursing mothers.

Artificial food colorings have been associated with gastrointestinal disturbances, ranging from discomfort to more severe issues. Pregnant women, already navigating changes in digestion due to hormonal shifts, may choose to minimize exposure to food colorings to promote digestive well-being during this crucial period.

Potential Harms for Pregnant and Lactating Women:
  1. Fetal Development: The developing fetus is particularly vulnerable to external influences. Limited research suggests that certain food colorings may cross the placental barrier, potentially impacting fetal development.
  2. Breast Milk Composition: Lactating women should be mindful of their dietary choices, as food colorings have been detected in breast milk. While the significance of this transfer is still under investigation, cautious choices can contribute to ensuring the purity of breast milk.
  3. Gastrointestinal Sensitivity: Pregnancy often brings about changes in digestion, and artificial food colorings may exacerbate gastrointestinal discomfort. Sensitivity to these additives varies, and pregnant women may choose to adopt a more natural and minimally processed diet.

For pregnant or lactating women concerned about the potential harms of food colorings, opting for a diet rich in whole, unprocessed foods becomes a valuable strategy. Choosing fruits, vegetables, and other naturally colorful sources can provide vibrant flavors without the need for artificial additives.

While the connection between food colorings and adverse health outcomes is an area of ongoing research, pregnant and lactating women may choose to err on the side of caution. Prioritizing a diet that minimizes artificial additives and focuses on nutrient-dense, whole foods is a proactive step toward supporting both maternal and fetal health. Always consult with healthcare professionals for personalized guidance based on individual circumstances and health considerations.

Impact of PEG

​Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is considered "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) when used in specific contexts, but some individuals may experience adverse effects. ​
Explore the concerns with GRAS
The concerns that arise with the safety of consuming PEG are multifold, including: 
  1. Pollution: The process to produce polyethylene glycol requires a chemical reaction known as ethoxylation and the use of compounds known as ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane – two chemicals that have well-documented toxic effects on humans.
  2. Contamination: PEGs are widely utilized for their ability to enhance penetration and absorption. But this also means that prolonged use or high doses of PEG can significantly enhance your body’s absorption of other toxins and harmful compounds that are found alongside PEGs or within the environment. 
  3. Lack of studies: Because polyethylene glycol has numerous derivatives and molecular weights, extensive studies have only been conducted on a handful of different PEG compounds. There is limited information on the real impact of PEGs as a whole and more PEG toxicity research is needed to truly understand this compound’s effects on the human body.

Depending on manufacturing processes, PEGs may be contaminated with measurable amounts of ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies ethylene oxide as a known human carcinogen and 1,4-dioxane as a possible human carcinogen. Ethylene oxide can also harm the nervous system and the California Environmental Protection Agency has classified it as a developmental toxicant based on evidence that it may interfere with human development. 

1,4-dioxane is also persistent. In other words, it doesn’t easily degrade and can remain in the environment long after it is rinsed down the shower drain. 1,4-dioxane can be removed from cosmetics during the manufacturing process by vacuum stripping, but there is no easy way for consumers to know whether products containing PEGs have undergone this process.In a study of personal care products marketed as “natural” or “organic” (uncertified), U.S. researchers found 1,4-dioxane as a contaminant in 46 of 100 products analyzed. 

While carcinogenic contaminants are the primary concern, PEG compounds themselves show some evidence of genotoxicity and if used on broken skin can cause irritation and systemic toxicity. PEG itself is classified as expected to be toxic or harmful as mentioned on the Environment Canada Domestic Substance List. The industry panel that reviews the safety of cosmetics ingredients concluded that some PEG compounds are not safe for use on damaged skin (although the assessment generally approved of the use of these chemicals in cosmetics). Also, PEG functions as a “penetration enhancer,” increasing the permeability of the skin to allow greater absorption of the ingredients — including harmful ingredients.

Researchers have observed that a large percentage of parents, caregivers, and practitioners described an explosion of neurological side effects seemingly correlated to polyethylene glycol administration. Those side effects include:
  • Abnormal behavior
  • Anger
  • Anxiety 
  • Mood swings
  • Seizures
  • Sensory disturbances

Commonly found in various products, such as medications, laxatives, and skincare items, PEG may lead to the following potential harms:
  1. Gastrointestinal Issues: Oral ingestion of PEG, particularly in laxatives or medications, may cause gastrointestinal side effects such as bloating, cramps, gas, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.
  2. Dehydration: Excessive use of PEG laxatives without adequate fluid intake can lead to dehydration. It's important to follow the recommended dosages and stay hydrated while using PEG-containing products.
  3. Allergic Reactions: Although rare, some individuals may be allergic to PEG, leading to allergic reactions like rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing. If any allergic symptoms occur, immediate medical attention is necessary.
  4. Renal Impairment: PEG has been associated with cases of renal injury, particularly in individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions. People with kidney issues should use PEG-containing products cautiously under medical supervision.
  5. Electrolyte Imbalance: Because of its ability to disrupt the flow of water, PEG laxatives can lead to electrolyte imbalances, which may result in abnormal levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate, and other electrolytes in the body. Severe electrolyte imbalances can have serious health consequences. Consumption of PEG has also been linked to an increased risk of metabolic acidosis, which is a build-up of acid and toxins in the body.
  6. Systemic Absorption: While the systemic absorption of PEG from the gastrointestinal tract is generally low, excessive use or prolonged exposure may increase the risk of systemic absorption, potentially leading to adverse effects.
  7. Hypersensitivity and Allergic Reactions: Individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to PEG or related compounds should avoid products containing PEG.  There are have been documented cases of an allergy to PEG. Some cases have even resulted in anaphylaxis – a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. Due to the risk of exposure to polyethylene glycol, the FDA has issued a warning to anyone with a known or suspected PEG allergy to communicate clearly with healthcare professionals as PEGs can be found lurking in medications, vaccines, contrast agents, and more. Researchers have estimated that approximately 72% of the US population has acquired anti PEG antibodies. The referenced study used blood samples taken from 1990-1999 and earlier, showing a steady increase over time in the percentage of those with antibodies to PEG, making it conservative to estimate, after two decades, that the incidence is closer to 80% today. 

People with pre-existing health conditions, especially those affecting the kidneys, should inform their healthcare providers before using PEG-containing products. As with any substance, individual responses to PEG can vary, and people experiencing adverse effects should seek medical attention promptly. It's important to weigh the risks and benefits of using PEG-based products based on individual health conditions and circumstances.

Impact of Talc

​Talc is a mineral commonly used in various products such as talcum powder, cosmetics, and personal care items. While talc is considered GRAS for external use, there have been concerns and controversies regarding potential health risks associated with its use, primarily when used in certain ways or in specific product formulations. Here are some of the concerns related to talc:
  1. Contamination Concerns: Talc products have been found to be contaminated with substances like asbestos, which is a known carcinogen. While regulations and testing standards are in place to monitor and limit asbestos contamination in talc products, Johnson & Johnson, the maker of Johnson’s Baby Powder, is facing more than 9,000 plaintiffs in cases involving body powders with talc contaminated with asbestos.
  2. Ovarian Cancer: There has been some controversy and litigation surrounding the potential link between talcum powder use in the genital area and an increased risk of ovarian cancer in women, due to contamination of asbestos. 
  3. Respiratory Issues: Inhalation of talc powder (likely not a concern with the consumption of Wellbutrin), particularly in occupational settings such as talc mining or during certain industrial processes, may pose respiratory risks. Talc is closely related to asbestos, and in some natural deposits, talc may be contaminated with asbestos fibers, which are known respiratory hazards.
  4. Pulmonary Effects in Infants: Although likely not a concern with the consumption of Wellbutrin, there have been reports of respiratory distress and other pulmonary issues in infants when talc-containing products, such as baby powders, are used excessively. Inhaling talc powder can be harmful to an infant's developing respiratory system.
  5. Skin Irritation: Although likely not a concern with the consumption of Wellbutrin, in some individuals, talc may cause skin irritation or allergies. Redness, itching, or rash may occur, especially in people with sensitive skin.

Individuals concerned about the potential risks of talc-containing products should consider alternatives. As with any substance, moderation and careful use are advisable, and individuals experiencing adverse effects should seek medical advice.

Impact of titanium dioxide

​Titanium dioxide is a widely used pigment and additive in various products, including cosmetics, sunscreens, paints, and food items. While it is generally recognized as safe when used in approved applications, there are concerns about potential health risks associated with certain forms and uses of titanium dioxide. Here are some considerations:
  1. Genotoxicity Concerns: Most relevant to the consumption of Wellbutrin, ome studies have suggested that certain forms of titanium dioxide nanoparticles may exhibit genotoxic effects, indicating potential damage to DNA. However, more research is needed to determine the relevance of these findings to human health and to establish safe exposure levels.
  2. Potential for Nanoparticle Absorption: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have raised concerns regarding their potential to penetrate the skin. While research is ongoing, the skin barrier generally prevents the absorption of larger particles. However, nanoparticles may raise questions about their long-term safety, and more studies are needed to understand their effects thoroughly.
  3. Inhalation Risk (Unlikely a risk with Wellbutrin): Fine particles of titanium dioxide, particularly in the form of nanoparticles, can pose a respiratory risk when inhaled. Occupational exposure in industries such as manufacturing or handling titanium dioxide dust may be associated with respiratory irritation. However, consumer products like sunscreens or cosmetics typically use larger particles that are less likely to be inhaled.

It's important to note that regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), have assessed the safety of titanium dioxide in approved uses. The permissible limits and specifications vary depending on the application.

Consumers concerned about titanium dioxide can choose products with alternatives or consult with healthcare professionals. As research continues, regulatory agencies may update guidelines to ensure the safe use of titanium dioxide in various products.

Root Causes vs. Medication

It's crucial to recognize that the conditions for which Wellbutrin is prescribed—ADHD, anxiety, obesity, and bipolar disorder—may not be caused by a deficiency of Wellbutrin itself. Rather, these conditions are complex and multifaceted, often influenced by underlying nutrition and lifestyle factors. Addressing these root causes is fundamental to comprehensive and sustainable mental health care.

​Nutrition and Lifestyle Factors: Unveiling the Roots of Depression

Depression, a complex and pervasive mental health condition, often finds its roots in a myriad of factors, extending beyond the realm of neurochemistry to include nutrition and lifestyle elements. Understanding and addressing these underlying factors can play a pivotal role in comprehensive depression management. Here's a closer look at the nutrition and lifestyle aspects that contribute to this intricate mental health landscape:
1. Dietary Choices:
  • Nutrient Deficiencies: Inadequate intake of essential nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, B-vitamins, and minerals like zinc and magnesium, has been linked to an increased risk of depression. A diet rich in whole foods and diverse nutrients contributes to optimal brain function and mood regulation.
2. Gut-Brain Connection:
  • Microbiome Health: The gut-brain axis underscores the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. An imbalance in gut microbiota, often stemming from poor dietary habits and antibiotic use, may contribute to inflammation and impact mental health. Probiotics and a fiber-rich diet can foster a healthy gut environment.
3. Blood Sugar Regulation:
  • Stable Blood Sugar Levels: Fluctuations in blood sugar levels can affect mood and energy levels. Consuming a balanced diet with complex carbohydrates, fiber, and adequate protein helps regulate blood sugar and prevents energy crashes that may contribute to depressive symptoms.
4. Physical Activity:
  • Exercise Benefits: Regular physical activity has been consistently associated with improved mood and reduced depressive symptoms. Exercise promotes the release of endorphins, neurotransmitters that act as natural mood lifters. Incorporating movement into daily routines is a valuable component of depression management.
5. Sleep Hygiene:
  • Quality Sleep: Disrupted sleep patterns and insomnia are common features of depression. Prioritizing good sleep hygiene, including consistent sleep schedules, a comfortable sleep environment, and limiting screen time before bed, fosters better sleep quality and supports mental well-being.
6. Stress Management:
  • Mind-Body Practices: Chronic stress is a significant contributor to depression. Mindfulness techniques, meditation, yoga, and other stress-reduction practices play a crucial role in managing and preventing depressive symptoms by promoting relaxation and emotional resilience.
7. Social Connections:
  • Supportive Relationships: Social isolation and a lack of meaningful connections can contribute to depressive feelings. Nurturing positive relationships and maintaining a strong social support system are integral to emotional well-being.
Recognizing the impact of these nutrition and lifestyle factors on depression emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to mental health. Integrating dietary changes, exercise, sleep hygiene, stress reduction, and social engagement into depression management plans provides individuals with a comprehensive toolkit for fostering mental well-being. As with any health concern, consultation with healthcare professionals is crucial to tailor interventions to individual needs and circumstances.

Nutrition and Lifestyle Factors: Off-Label Uses

  • ADHD and Anxiety: Many nutritional deficiencies, particularly in omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc, have been linked to ADHD and anxiety. Moreover, lifestyle factors, such as sleep patterns and physical activity, play a significant role in managing symptoms.
Learn More About ADHD
Learn More about Anxiety
  • Obesity: Obesity is often associated with dietary habits and sedentary lifestyles. Focusing on a balanced, nutrient-dense diet and regular physical activity can contribute to weight management without solely relying on medication.
  • Bipolar Disorder:​ Nutrition and lifestyle factors can influence the management of bipolar disorder. Adequate sleep, stress reduction, and maintaining stable blood sugar levels through a balanced diet are crucial components of a holistic approach.

Deprescription

As with many psychotropic medications, Wellbutrin (bupropion) requires careful consideration when discontinuing to minimize the risk of withdrawal symptoms. Abruptly stopping Wellbutrin, also known as going "cold turkey," can lead to uncomfortable and potentially distressing withdrawal symptoms. It is crucial to approach the discontinuation of Wellbutrin with a gradual tapering process, personalized to individual needs, to ensure a smoother transition.

Withdrawal symptoms, often associated with sudden cessation of psychotropic drugs, can manifest as a range of physical and psychological discomforts. These may include dizziness, headaches, irritability, mood swings, insomnia, and flu-like symptoms. The severity and duration of withdrawal symptoms can vary from person to person.

To mitigate the risk of withdrawal symptoms, the American Psychiatric Association recommends a tapering approach for all antidepressants, including Wellbutrin. Tapering involves gradually reducing the dosage over a specified period, allowing the body to adjust to the decreasing levels of the medication.

It is paramount not to discontinue Wellbutrin without consulting your healthcare provider. Your doctor can create a personalized taper schedule based on factors such as the duration of your medication use, your current dosage, and any specific symptoms you may be experiencing. Tapering is typically done over 6 to 8 weeks to provide a gradual adjustment.

Every individual responds differently to medication changes. Your doctor can tailor the taper schedule to your unique needs, ensuring a careful balance between minimizing withdrawal symptoms and maintaining mental health stability.

If you begin to experience withdrawal symptoms during the tapering process, it is crucial to communicate promptly with your healthcare provider. They may need to reassess your taper schedule or make adjustments based on your symptoms. Restarting Wellbutrin can often alleviate withdrawal symptoms within a few days.

The journey of tapering off Wellbutrin is a collaborative effort between you and your healthcare provider. Open communication about your experiences and any emerging symptoms allows for adjustments that prioritize your well-being throughout the process.

In the realm of psychotropic medications, a thoughtful and gradual approach to discontinuation is key. Tapering off Wellbutrin under the guidance of your healthcare provider not only minimizes the risk of withdrawal symptoms but also ensures a smoother transition, prioritizing your mental health. Remember, your doctor is your ally in this process, and together, you can navigate the complexities of tapering to promote your overall well-being.

Conclusion

While Wellbutrin has proven efficacy in certain contexts, it's imperative to approach its use with caution, especially considering its potential impacts on neurotransmitter modulation. Pregnant or lactating women should consult their healthcare providers to make informed decisions based on their unique circumstances. Moreover, recognizing that the indications for Wellbutrin may be rooted in broader lifestyle and nutritional factors encourages a more comprehensive approach to mental health care. Collaborative discussions between patients and healthcare professionals can pave the way for personalized and holistic treatment plans that address the underlying causes of mental health conditions.

references

“Bupropion - Drug Usage Statistics, ClinCalc DrugStats Database.” Clincalc.com, 2021, clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Bupropion. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) 2013-2021. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Rockville, MD. ClinCalc DrugStats Database version 2024.01.

“Wellbutrin: Package Insert / Prescribing Information.” Drugs.com, www.drugs.com/pro/wellbutrin.html.

​Starr P, Klein-Schwartz W, Spiller H, Kern P, Ekleberry SE, Kunkel S. Incidence and onset of delayed seizures after overdoses of extended-release bupropion. Am J Emerg Med. 2009 Oct;27(8):911-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.004. PMID: 19857406.

​Spiller, Henry A., et al. “Bupropion Overdose: A 3-Year Multi-Center Retrospective Analysis.” The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 12, no. 1, Jan. 1994, pp. 43–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(94)90195-3. Accessed 28 Nov. 2021.

Bakthavachalu, Prabasheela, et al. “Food Color and Autism: A Meta-Analysis.” Advances in Neurobiology, vol. 24, 2020, pp. 481–504, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32006369/#:~:text=Many%20families%20with%20autistic%20children, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30402-7_15.

Hussain, Sunny Z., et al. “Probable Neuropsychiatric Toxicity of Polyethylene Glycol: Roles of Media, Internet and the Caregivers.” GastroHep, vol. 1, no. 3, May 2019, pp. 118–123, https://doi.org/10.1002/ygh2.336. 

Sellaturay, Priya, et al. “Polyethylene Glycol–Induced Systemic Allergic Reactions (Anaphylaxis).” The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Oct. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.09.029.

“Drugs & Medications.” Webmd.com, 2019, www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-17118/polyethylene-glycol-3350-oral/details.

​Black RE, Hurley FJ, and Havery DC. “Occurrence of 1,4-dioxane in cosmetic raw materials and finished cosmetic products.” Int J PharJ AOAC Int. 84, 3 (May-Jun 2001):666-70.

Brashear, A. et al. “Ethylene oxide neurotoxicity: a cluster of 12 nurses with peripheral and central nervous system toxicity.” Neurology 46, 4 (Apr 1996):992-8.

California. EPA. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity. February 5, 2010.https://www.oehha.org/prop65/prop65_list/files/P65single020510.pdf

Environmental Health Association of Nova Scotia. Guide to Less Toxic Products.Halifax: EHANS, 2004. https://www.lesstoxicguide.ca/index.asp?fetch=personal#commo.

OCA (Organic Consumer Association). 2008. Consumer alert. Cancer-causing 1,4-dioxane found in personal care products misleadingly branded as natural and organic. Available: https://www.organicconsumers.org/bodycare/DioxaneRelease08.cfm

Wangenheim J and Bolcsfoldi G. “Mouse lymphoma L5178Y thymidine kinase locus assay of 50 compounds.” Mutagenesis 3, 3 (May 1988):193-205.

Biondi O, Motta S, and Mosesso P. “Low molecular weight polyethylene glycol induces chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster cells cultured in vitro.” _Mutagenesis_17, 3 (May 2002):261-4.

Lanigan, RS (CIR Expert Panel). “Final report on the safety assessment of PPG-11 and PPG-15 stearyl ethers.” Int J Toxicol.20 Suppl 4 (2001):13-26

Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Ingredient Reports — Quick Reference Table (summarizing publications through Dec 2009). https://www.cir-safety.org/staff_files/PublicationsListDec2009.pdf

Epstein, S with Fitzgerald, R. Toxic Beauty. Dallas: BenBella Books, 2009: 158-9.

Chen, Tao , et al. “Genotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles.” Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, vol. 22, no. 1, 1 Mar. 2014, pp. 95–104, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S102194981400009X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2014.01.008.
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Navigating Hormesis: Embracing the Balance Between Stress and Strength for Optimal Health

12/21/2023

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In the intricate dance of biological responses to stress, hormesis emerges as a captivating phenomenon, challenging conventional notions of dose-response relationships. This blog post delves into the fascinating world of hormesis, where the subtle interplay between stressors and adaptive responses shapes our understanding of health and resilience.
Learn more about Hormesis

The Hormetic Curve: Unveiling the U-Shaped Story

Explore the dynamics of hormesis through the lens of a U-shaped or J-shaped curve, where low doses of stressors trigger beneficial responses while high doses lead to toxicity. Understand how this nonlinear relationship challenges traditional toxicological paradigms.
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Small Doses, Big Impact: Hormetic Responses Unveiled

Delve into real-world examples of hormetic responses, from the beneficial effects of low-dose radiation to the adaptive mechanisms activated by moderate exercise. Learn how these responses stimulate resilience, adaptation, and overall well-being.

Hormesis in Toxicology: Redefining Risk Assessment

Unravel the complexities of hormesis in toxicology, where the concept challenges established risk assessment practices. Discover how hormesis introduces a nuanced understanding of dose-dependent effects, prompting a reevaluation of regulatory frameworks. ​

Hormesis and Adaptive Learning: "What Doesn't Kill You Makes You Stronger"

Connect the dots between hormesis and the age-old adage, "What doesn't kill you makes you stronger." Explore how the hormetic principle aligns with the idea that controlled exposure to stressors can lead to adaptive learning, fostering strength and resilience.
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Balancing Act: The Importance of Moderation

Emphasize the crucial role of balance and moderation in hormesis. Uncover the delicate equilibrium required for stressors to act as catalysts for positive adaptation without tipping into harmful territory.

From Sirtuins to Telomeres: Hormesis at the Cellular Level

Journey into the cellular realm and discover how hormesis influences sirtuins, telomeres, and other cellular processes. Explore the implications for cellular repair, mitochondrial function, and the potential impact on longevity.
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Practical Insights: Applying Hormesis in Everyday Life

Gain practical insights into how hormesis can be applied in daily life. Explore lifestyle choices, dietary considerations, and stress management techniques that harness the power of hormetic responses for enhanced well-being.
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​Embark on a journey of discovery as we unravel the layers of hormesis, revealing its impact on biology, health, and our quest for a balanced and resilient life. Embrace the science behind stress and strength, and learn how hormesis invites us to rethink our approach to well-being.

Learn more about Hormesis
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Mask Test Proves Toxic CO2 Levels For Children

8/8/2020

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As mask mandates on children sweep the nation, HighWire host Del Bigtree’s 11-year-old son, Ever, joins him on stage to test his levels of carbon dioxide inside a mask, face shield, and cloth bandana. The results from the OSHA approved testing device may likely shock any parent or person with a chronic lung disease such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, restrictive airway disease, COPD, lung cancer, etc.
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