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Lifestyle

The Harms of Consuming Energy Drinks

6/16/2024

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Energy drinks have become a popular beverage choice among various age groups, promising quick boosts in energy, alertness, and physical performance. However, scientific literature increasingly highlights a range of adverse health effects associated with their consumption. 

Role of active ingredients within Energy drinks 

One of the primary ingredients in energy drinks is caffeine. Known for its ability to increase alertness and reduce fatigue, caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that affects the body in several ways. One critical action of caffeine is its ability to block adenosine receptors. Adenosine is a neurotransmitter that typically promotes relaxation and sleep by dilating blood vessels. By blocking these receptors, caffeine prevents blood vessels from relaxing, which can lead to increased blood pressure.
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Additionally, the blockage of adenosine receptors leads to an accumulation of adenosine in the blood. This rise in adenosine levels activates the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the body's fight-or-flight response. Consequently, there is an increase in the production of stress hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. These changes can lead to heightened anxiety, nervousness, and even palpitations.

Guarana is another common ingredient found in energy drinks. This plant, native to the Amazon basin, contains seeds that are exceptionally rich in caffeine, often surpassing the caffeine content found in coffee beans. The inclusion of guarana in energy drinks amplifies their overall stimulatory effects, making the beverages even more potent.
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The high caffeine content in guarana adds to the risk of overconsumption of caffeine when individuals drink energy beverages, especially if they also consume other caffeinated products like coffee or tea throughout the day. This excessive intake can exacerbate the negative side effects of caffeine, including jitteriness, insomnia, and heart palpitations.

B vitamins are essential nutrients that play a crucial role in various bodily functions, including energy production and brain function. Energy drinks often contain high levels of B vitamins, such as B6 and B12, to promote energy and metabolic function. While B vitamins are vital for health, their effects can become problematic when consumed in large quantities alongside caffeine.
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In large doses, B vitamins can support the stimulatory effects of caffeine and guarana, potentially leading to overstimulation. This can result in adverse effects such as increased heart rate, anxiety, and restlessness. Moreover, some people may experience side effects like gastrointestinal disturbances or allergic reactions due to high doses of B vitamins.

Taurine is a common additive in energy drinks, contributing to their stimulating effects. It can interact with caffeine to induce intracellular calcium release. This process can disrupt the normal calcium balance within cells, particularly in the heart and muscles. According to a study published in Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, "short term exposure to taurine increases intracellular levels of calcium in vascular smooth muscle cells and the heart, leading to a positive inotropic effect."
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Positive inotropic agents, including caffeine, increase the amount of calcium available in heart cells, enhancing the heart's ability to contract more forcefully. While this can be beneficial in certain medical situations, excessive stimulation from such agents poses potential risks. Despite these concerns, taurine itself has numerous health benefits when consumed appropriately.

a deeper dive into taurine

Taurine, a unique amino acid, plays several critical roles in the body. Unlike many other amino acids, taurine is not used to build proteins. Instead, it supports nerve growth, produces bile salts, aids in digestion, and helps maintain proper hydration.

​Taurine is classified as a "conditionally essential" or semi-essential amino acid. This means that while the body can naturally produce taurine, supplementation might be necessary under certain conditions. For example, infants and individuals with specific medical conditions might need additional taurine.

​Taurine acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, which may help combat sarcopenia, an age-related condition characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function. Taurine is also the most abundant source of sulfur in the body and is required for a wide range of physiological processes, including immune function, nervous system health, metabolism, and digestion.

Recent research, published in the June 2023 issue of the journal Science, highlights taurine's role in promoting longevity and healthy aging. This underscores the importance of obtaining taurine from natural sources rather than relying on synthetic forms found in energy drinks.

Taurine is abundant in animal foods such as seafood, red meat, poultry, and dairy products. Vegans, however, may need to consider high-quality taurine supplements since they do not consume these foods. While the body can synthesize some taurine, the amount produced may not be sufficient, especially as one ages and the body's ability to synthesize taurine diminishes.

Taurine is a vital nutrient with numerous health benefits, particularly when consumed through whole foods or high-quality supplements. While energy drinks often contain taurine, they are not a safe or reliable source of this or other essential nutrients. For those looking to boost their taurine intake, focusing on natural dietary sources or appropriate supplementation is key to reaping its health benefits without the risks associated with energy drinks.

Known adverse health effects

  • ​Hypertension
    Energy drinks are known to have hypertensive effects due to their high caffeine content. Researchers have observed energy drink consumption significantly increases systolic and diastolic blood pressure among young, healthy adults. Regular consumption can lead to sustained hypertension, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
  • Cardiac Arrhythmias and Cardiovascular Diseases
    Energy drinks can cause cardiac arrhythmias and other cardiovascular issues, including significantly disrupted vascular endothelial function. Reported cases of atrial fibrillation and other arrhythmias following energy drink consumption, attributing these to the combination of caffeine and other stimulants. 
  • Sleep Disorders
    Caffeine and other stimulants in energy drinks can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to sleep disorders. Researchers have observed that adolescents consuming energy drinks frequently experienced poor sleep quality and insomnia.
  • Fatigue and Stress
    Paradoxically, while energy drinks are marketed to reduce fatigue, their excessive consumption can lead to rebound fatigue and heightened stress levels. Energy drink use has been demonstrated to result in immediate improvements in cognitive and physical performance. However, it is not clear whether energy drink consumption is tied to mental, emotional, or physical problems. For example, energy drink consumption has been associated with overall daytime sleepiness and less sleep at night. Moreover, findings indicate a link between high energy drink use and stress-related sleep problems suggesting a need to examine the relationship between energy drinks and a range of mental health problems and fatigue. Interestingly, energy drink use was associated with fatigue. This relationship suggests that energy drink use may potentially exacerbate, rather than alleviate, fatigue. It is hypothesized that the temporary energy boost is often followed by a crash, leading to increased stress and fatigue.
  • Brain Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
    Energy drinks can induce oxidative stress and brain inflammation, ultimately disrupting the blood brain barrier (BBB). The exact mechanisms by which these effects are caused are not entirely known, but researchers hypothesize the additives and artificial sweeteners including sucralose and acesulfame potassium are pro-inflammatory. Additionally, the blood pressure changes observed have been demonstrated to cause BBB dysfunction.
  • Memory Disorders and Mental Health Disorders
    Chronic consumption of energy drinks can impair cognitive functions and contribute to memory disorders. Researchers have observed that high caffeine intake from energy drinks could negatively affect cognitive development, attention and memory retention, likely due to oxidative stress and inflammation.
  • Aggression, Depression, and Anxiety
    Researchers have linked energy drink consumption to increased levels of aggression, depression, and anxiety in adolescents. The stimulants can exacerbate stress and anxiety disorders, negatively impacting mental health.
  • Liver, Kidney, and Pancreas Damage
    Energy drinks have been mentioned to have negative impact on different body organs including hepatotoxicity, derangement of secretory glands, nephrotoxicity, hematopoietic disorders. Energy drinks have toxic effects to the liver and pancreas. Researchers have documented hepatitis linked to the excessive consumption of energy drinks, attributing the damage to their high caffeine content.
  • Eye and Enamel Damage, and Gastritis
    The acidic nature of energy drinks can cause dental enamel defects. Damage to the eye, resulting in acute macular degeneration, is likely due to the caffeine content. The phenomenon of gastritis may be due to additives, versus the caffeine. 
  • Obesity
    ​The high sugar content in many energy drinks contributes to obesity. Researchers have linked the consumption of sugary beverages, including energy drinks, to an increased risk of obesity and related metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Pharmacologic Actions of Energy Drinks

  • Hypertensive: The caffeine and other stimulants in energy drinks can cause a significant increase in blood pressure, contributing to hypertension.
  • Cardiotoxic: The combination of caffeine, taurine, and other stimulants can lead to cardiotoxic effects, including arrhythmias and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
  • Neurotoxic: High levels of caffeine and other neurostimulants can lead to neurotoxic effects, including anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment.
  • Hepatotoxic: Ingredients like niacin in high doses can cause liver damage and inflammation.
  • Renotoxic: Excessive consumption of energy drinks can impact kidney function, leading to potential renal toxicity.

Increase in sudden cardiac arrest

Energy drinks have come under intense scrutiny after research linked their consumption to sudden cardiac arrest. The blend of stimulating ingredients in energy drinks could significantly jeopardize heart health, especially in individuals with specific genetic heart conditions. Researchers from the Mayo Clinic have suggested that energy drinks might be "arrhythmogenic foods," which could heighten the risk of sudden cardiac arrest.
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Sudden cardiac arrest happens when there is an abrupt failure in the heart's electrical system, causing it to stop beating. This can result in arrhythmia, or an irregular heartbeat, such as ventricular fibrillation—the leading cause of cardiac arrest. Ventricular fibrillation is characterized by a heartbeat so rapid that the heart quivers instead of pumping blood effectively.

Researchers suggested that the highly stimulating and unregulated ingredients in these beverages might alter heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac contractility, and cardiac repolarization, potentially leading to arrhythmias.

Energy drinks usually contain a high amount of caffeine—ranging from 80 milligrams (mg) to 300 mg in a 16-ounce serving—along with other stimulant ingredients. Caffeine itself has been associated with sudden cardiac death in previous studies. Recently, Panera Bread removed caffeinated lemonade from its menu after lawsuits alleged the product caused two deaths from cardiac arrest.

While the relative risk of sudden death after consuming an energy drink is small, the absolute risk for patients with a known genetic heart condition is concerning. For these individuals, the risks and benefits of consuming energy drinks should be carefully considered. The researchers concluded that there should be an early warning about the potential risks of these drinks for people with genetic heart diseases.

How to boost energy naturally

If your energy is lagging and you're struggling with brain fog, energy drinks are not the answer. While they may provide a temporary boost, they come with significant health risks. Instead, optimizing your mitochondrial function is one of the most effective and sustainable strategies to increase your cellular energy. ​
Learn more about mitochondria
​Mitochondria are the powerhouses of your cells, producing the energy your body needs to function. Ensuring that your mitochondria are working efficiently can have a profound impact on your energy levels and overall vitality. Here are some key steps to optimize mitochondrial function:
  • Avoid Dietary Pitfalls: Excess linoleic acid, found in vegetable and seed oils, can impair mitochondrial function. Reducing your intake of these oils is crucial. Instead, focus on healthy fats like those found in avocados, nuts, and fatty fish.
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  • Manage Estrogen Levels: High levels of estrogen can deplete cellular energy. Maintaining hormonal balance through diet, exercise, and lifestyle can support mitochondrial health. Some key aspects to integrate include avoiding the use of plastic, consumption of soy and CAFO-raised animal products, pesticides, alcohol, hormonal contraceptives, and using minimal cosmetics with chemicals.
Learn more about hormone optimization
  • Reduce Endotoxin Exposure: Endotoxins, which are toxins released by certain bacteria, can negatively affect your cellular energy. Minimizing exposure to endotoxins through a healthy diet and good hygiene can help protect your mitochondria.

energy Drink Alternatives

​From a integrated perspective, the focus is on holistic and sustainable approaches to boost energy rather than quick fixes like energy drinks. Here are some better alternatives that can provide a midday energy boost:

Beverages
1. Herbal Teas 
  • Examples: Green tea, ginseng tea, peppermint tea, or yerba mate.
  • Benefits:  These teas can enhance mental alertness and physical energy. Yerba mate, in particular, contains caffeine, theobromine, and other compounds that promote energy. Green tea contains a moderate amount of caffeine and L-theanine, an amino acid that promotes relaxation without drowsiness. Matcha is a type of green tea that contains higher levels of antioxidants, caffeine, and L-theanine.
  • Why: Provides a more balanced energy boost and improved mental focus without the crash often associated with energy drinks.
Purchase Green Tea: amazon
2. Lemon Water with a Pinch of Sea Salt
  • Benefits: Hydration, replenishes electrolytes, and provides a gentle energy lift.
  • Why: Dehydration can lead to fatigue, and this drink helps maintain hydration levels.

Supplements
​1. B-Complex Vitamins
  • Benefits: Supports energy production and reduces fatigue.
  • Why: B vitamins play a critical role in converting food into energy.
Learn more about B vitamins
​​2. Magnesium
  • Benefits: Essential for energy production and reducing muscle fatigue.
  • Why: Many people are deficient in magnesium, which can lead to tiredness and lack of energy.
Learn more about magnesium
3. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
  • Benefits: Supports cellular energy production.
  • Why: CoQ10 is involved in the production of ATP, the energy currency of the cells.
purchase: amazon
​​4. Adaptogens
  • Examples: Ashwagandha, Rhodiola Rosea, and Eleuthero.
  • Benefits: Helps the body adapt to stress and boosts energy levels.
  • Why: Adaptogens support the adrenal glands and enhance resilience to stress, which can improve overall energy.
Purchase: Endurance
Food-Based Options
1. Protein-Rich Snacks
  • Examples: Nuts, seeds, Greek yogurt, or a protein smoothie.
  • Benefits: Provides sustained energy without spikes and crashes.
  • Why: Protein helps stabilize blood sugar levels and keeps you feeling full longer.
Purchase Whey Protein: Amazon
2. Complex Carbohydrates
  • Examples: Oatmeal, whole grains, or a small piece of fruit.
  • Benefits: Provides a steady release of energy.
  • Why: Complex carbs are digested slowly, providing a more sustained energy source.
Lifestyle Approaches
1. Short Walk or Light Exercise
  • Benefits: Boosts circulation and energy levels.
  • Why: Physical activity can help shake off midday sluggishness and improve alertness.
2. Power Nap
  • Benefits: Restores energy and improves cognitive function.
  • Why: A 10-20 minute nap can be revitalizing without leaving you groggy.
3. Breathing Exercises
  • Examples: Deep breathing or pranayama.
  • Benefits: Increases oxygen intake and reduces stress.
  • Why: Improved oxygenation can boost energy and mental clarity.
Learn about the Benefits of Carbon Dioxide
Incorporating these alternatives can help provide a more sustained and healthier energy boost compared to energy drinks. They not only address immediate energy needs but also support overall health and well-being.​

Energy drinks, while offering a temporary energy boost, pose significant health risks. From cardiovascular and mental health issues to liver damage and obesity, the adverse effects of these beverages are well-documented in scientific literature. It is crucial for consumers to be aware of these risks and consider healthier alternatives for energy and hydration. Reducing or eliminating energy drink consumption can lead to better long-term health outcomes and prevent the myriad of health issues associated with their use.

References

Shah SA, Szeto AH, Farewell R, et al. Impact of High Volume Energy Drink Consumption on Electrocardiographic and Blood Pressure Parameters: A Randomized Trial. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2016;5(9). doi:10.1161/JAHA.115.002134.

Coppock RW, Dziwenka MM, Stowe CM. Hepatitis due to excessive ingestion of energy drinks. BMJ Case Reports. 2016;2016. doi:10.1136/bcr-2015-212522.

Higgins JP, Tuttle TD, Higgins CL. Energy beverages: content and safety. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2010;85(11):1033-1041. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0381.
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Malik VS, Popkin BM, Bray GA, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverages, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease risk. Circulation. 2010;121(11):1356-1364. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.876185.

Costa-Valle MT, Tonieto BD, Altknecht L, Cunha CD, Fão N, Cestonaro LV, Göethel G, Garcia SC, Leal MB, Dallegrave E, Arbo MD. Energy drink and alcohol combination leads to kidney and liver alterations in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018 Sep 15;355:138-146. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.024. Epub 2018 Jun 27. PMID: 29959998.

Hussain A, Jiji AK, Barke P, Biswas S, Tabrez SSM. Cardiovascular Pathologies Associated with Excessive Energy Drink Consumption: A Review. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2018;28(2):107-113. doi: 10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2018021703. PMID: 30055536.

Clapp O, Morgan MZ, Fairchild RM. The top five selling UK energy drinks: implications for dental and general health. Br Dent J. 2019 Apr;226(7):493-497. doi: 10.1038/s41415-019-0114-0. PMID: 30980003.

Al-Shaar L, Vercammen K, Lu C, Richardson S, Tamez M, Mattei J. Health Effects and Public Health Concerns of Energy Drink Consumption in the United States: A Mini-Review. Front Public Health. 2017 Aug 31;5:225. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00225. PMID: 28913331; PMCID: PMC5583516.

​Kim H, Park J, Lee S, Lee SA, Park EC. Association between energy drink consumption, depression and suicide ideation in Korean adolescents. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020 Jun;66(4):335-343. doi: 10.1177/0020764020907946. Epub 2020 Feb 29. PMID: 32114878.

Utter J, Denny S, Teevale T, Sheridan J. Energy drink consumption among New Zealand adolescents: Associations with mental health, health risk behaviours and body size. J Paediatr Child Health. 2018 Mar;54(3):279-283. doi: 10.1111/jpc.13708. Epub 2017 Sep 14. PMID: 28905482.

​Faris MAE, Jahrami H, Al-Hilali MM, Chehyber NJ, Ali SO, Shahda SD, Obaid RS. Energy drink consumption is associated with reduced sleep quality among college students: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Diet. 2017 Jul;74(3):268-274. doi: 10.1111/1747-0080.12289. Epub 2016 Jun 9. PMID: 28731611.

Park S, Lee Y, Lee JH. Association between energy drink intake, sleep, stress, and suicidality in Korean adolescents: energy drink use in isolation or in combination with junk food consumption. Nutr J. 2016 Oct 13;15(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s12937-016-0204-7. PMID: 27737671; PMCID: PMC5064784.

Basrai M, Schweinlin A, Menzel J, Mielke H, Weikert C, Dusemund B, Putze K, Watzl B, Lampen A, Bischoff SC. Energy Drinks Induce Acute Cardiovascular and Metabolic Changes Pointing to Potential Risks for Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr. 2019 Mar 1;149(3):441-450. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy303. PMID: 30805607.

Toblin RL, Adrian AL, Hoge CW, Adler AB. Energy Drink Use in U.S. Service Members After Deployment: Associations With Mental Health Problems, Aggression, and Fatigue. Mil Med. 2018 Nov 1;183(11-12):e364-e370. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usy205. PMID: 30169675.

Higbee MR, Chilton JM, El-Saidi M, Duke G, Haas BK. Nurses Consuming Energy Drinks Report Poorer Sleep and Higher Stress. West J Nurs Res. 2020 Jan;42(1):24-31. doi: 10.1177/0193945919840991. Epub 2019 Apr 8. PMID: 30957708.

Al Yacoub R, Luczkiewicz D, Kerr C. Acute kidney injury and hepatitis associated with energy drink consumption: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2020 Jan 29;14(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s13256-019-2340-0. PMID: 31992329; PMCID: PMC6988357.

Gupta N, Padidam S, Tewari A. Acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) related to energy drink consumption. BMJ Case Rep. 2019 Dec 15;12(12):e232144. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232144. PMID: 31843776; PMCID: PMC6936580.

Garg A, Rodriguez A, Lewis JT, Bansal R, Brahmbhatt B. Energy Drinks: A Reversible Risk Factor for Atrophic Gastritis and Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia. Cureus. 2020 Dec 26;12(12):e12298. doi: 10.7759/cureus.12298. PMID: 33520500; PMCID: PMC7834582.

Haroun H, Mohamed E, El Shahat AER, Labib H, Atef M. Adverse effects of energy drink on rat pancreas and the therapeutic role of each of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and Nigella Sativa oil. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2020;79(2):272-279. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2019.0069. Epub 2019 Jul 1. PMID: 31257565.

Shah SA, Chu BW, Lacey CS, Riddock IC, Lee M, Dargush AE. Impact of Acute Energy Drink Consumption on Blood Pressure Parameters: A Meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother. 2016 Oct;50(10):808-15. doi: 10.1177/1060028016656433. Epub 2016 Jun 23. PMID: 27340146.

Nowak D, Gośliński M, Nowatkowska K. The Effect of Acute Consumption of Energy Drinks on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Blood Glucose in the Group of Young Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Mar 19;15(3):544. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15030544. PMID: 29562659; PMCID: PMC5877089.

​Lasheras I, Seral P, Alonso-Ventura V, Santabárbara J. The impact of acute energy drink consumption on electrical heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Electrocardiol. 2021 Mar-Apr;65:128-135. doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2021.01.020. Epub 2021 Feb 9. PMID: 33631440.

Mansy, Wael, et al. “Effects of Chronic Consumption of Energy Drinks on Liver and Kidney of Experimental Rats.” Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 16, no. 12, 12 Jan. 2018, p. 2849, https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v16i12.8.

​Graneri, L., Lam, V., D'Alonzo, Z., Nesbit, M., Mamo, J. C., & Takechi, R. (2021). The consumption of energy drinks induces blood-brain barrier dysfunction in wild-type mice. Frontiers in nutrition, 8, 668514.

​Valle, M. C., Couto-Pereira, N. S., Lampert, C., Arcego, D. M., Toniazzo, A. P., Limberger, R. P., ... & Leal, M. B. (2018). Energy drinks and their component modulate attention, memory, and antioxidant defences in rats. 
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​Illuminating Health: The Remarkable Benefits of Red and Near-Infrared Light Therapy

12/31/2023

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In the realm of emerging wellness technologies, red and near-infrared light therapy stands out as a beacon of potential health benefits. This non-invasive treatment, also known as photobiomodulation, has gained attention for its positive effects on various aspects of health, particularly in skin and muscle recovery. Let's delve into the illuminating world of red and near-infrared light therapy and explore how it can enhance your well-being.

Photobiomodulation (PBM)

Photobiomodulation, often referred to as PBM therapy, is a non-invasive and non-thermal treatment that utilizes light to stimulate various cellular processes. This therapeutic approach harnesses the power of specific wavelengths of light to enhance cellular function, promote tissue repair, and reduce inflammation. Among the key contributors to PBM are red and near-infrared (NIR) light.

The Sun: the Original Photobiomodulator

The Sun emits energy in various forms, each associated with specific ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. Here's a breakdown of the forms of energy emitted by the Sun:

1. Visible Light: This is the portion of solar radiation that is visible to the human eye, creating the spectrum of colors we perceive.                  
  • Percentage: Approximately 42%
  • Wavelength Range: 380 to 750 nanometers
2. Infrared (IR) Radiation: Infrared radiation is not visible to the human eye but is felt as heat. It can be categorized into near, mid, and far infrared based on its wavelength.
  • Percentage: Approximately 49%
  • Wavelength Range: Greater than 750 nanometers
  • Further Breakdown:
    • Near-Infrared (NIR): 0.75 to 1.5 micrometers
    • Mid-Infrared (MIR): 1.5 to 4 micrometers
    • Far-Infrared (FIR): 4 to 1000 micrometers (1 millimeter)
3. Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation: UV radiation is beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum. UVA and UVB reach the Earth's surface, playing a role in processes like vitamin D synthesis and causing sunburn.
  • Percentage: Approximately 9%
  • Wavelength Range:
    • UVA: 320 to 400 nanometers
    • UVB: 280 to 320 nanometers
    • UVC: 100 to 280 nanometers (mostly absorbed by Earth's atmosphere)
Each form of energy serves different functions and has distinct interactions with the Earth's atmosphere and surface. While visible light is the most familiar, infrared and ultraviolet radiation also play crucial roles in various natural processes. Most of the energy emitted from the sun in in the form of infrared light, so using infrared technology is approximating exposure to the sun, without the harm of UV light.
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Red and Near-Infrared Light Therapy

Red and near-infrared (NIR) light therapy involves exposing the body to light in the red (600-700 nanometers) and NIR (700-1100 nanometers) spectrums. These wavelengths are known to penetrate the skin and underlying tissues, interacting with cellular structures and triggering beneficial responses.

Skin Layers and Light Penetration: ​

The human skin consists of several layers, each with distinct properties and functions. Understanding how red and NIR light navigate through these layers provides insight into their therapeutic reach.
  1. Epidermis: The outermost layer of the skin is the epidermis, primarily composed of dead skin cells. Red light is adept at penetrating this layer, influencing various surface-level processes such as collagen production and inflammation.
  2. Dermis: Deeper within lies the dermis, home to blood vessels, hair follicles, and connective tissues. Both red and NIR light penetrate the dermal layer, impacting blood flow, promoting wound healing, and influencing cellular activities that contribute to skin health.
  3. Subcutaneous Tissue: The subcutaneous layer, rich in fat cells and larger blood vessels, poses a greater challenge for light penetration. While red light can reach this layer to a certain extent, NIR light excels in penetrating deeper, influencing cellular and metabolic processes within the subcutaneous tissues.
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As red and NIR light journey through the skin layers, they engage with chromophores—molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of light. Key chromophores include cytochrome c oxidase, found in mitochondria, and various light-absorbing proteins and enzymes. These interactions trigger a cascade of cellular events, such as enhanced ATP production, increased circulation, and modulation of inflammatory responses.
​
Understanding the depth of light penetration is crucial for tailoring red and NIR therapy to specific therapeutic goals. While red light may be more suitable for surface-level applications like skin rejuvenation, NIR light's ability to reach deeper tissues makes it a preferred choice for addressing musculoskeletal conditions and promoting systemic benefits.

Mechanisms of Action

  1. Mitochondrial Stimulation: Red and NIR light are absorbed by mitochondria, the cellular powerhouses responsible for energy production (ATP). This stimulation enhances mitochondrial function, optimizing cellular energy metabolism. Red and NIR light stimulates cytochrome C oxidase inside the complex four of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which promotes ATP synthesis.
  2. Increased Blood Flow: Light therapy promotes vasodilation, leading to improved blood circulation. Enhanced blood flow carries more oxygen and nutrients to tissues, aiding in the healing process.
  3. Reduction of Inflammation: PBM has anti-inflammatory effects by modulating immune responses. It reduces pro-inflammatory markers and promotes a balanced immune reaction.
  4. Cellular Repair and Regeneration: Light therapy supports the synthesis of DNA and proteins, facilitating cellular repair and regeneration. This is particularly valuable for tissues undergoing healing or recovery.
  5. Neuroprotective Effects: PBM exhibits neuroprotective properties, promoting the survival of neurons and potentially mitigating the impact of neurodegenerative conditions
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Influence of NIR on Water

NIR light can affect the structure of water molecules through a process known as photodissociation or photolysis. This process involves breaking molecular bonds using light energy. While NIR light does not directly ionize water molecules, it can influence their structure in several ways:
  1. Vibrational Resonance: Water molecules have natural vibrational frequencies, and NIR light is capable of resonating with these frequencies. When NIR light interacts with water molecules, it can enhance the vibrational motion of the water molecules. This increased vibrational energy may lead to changes in the structure and properties of the water.
  2. Cluster Formation: Water molecules can form clusters due to hydrogen bonding. NIR light has been suggested to influence the clustering of water molecules, potentially leading to alterations in the arrangement and properties of water clusters.
  3. Temperature Effects: NIR light can induce heating in water molecules by increasing their kinetic energy. The temperature rise associated with NIR exposure may contribute to changes in water structure and dynamics.
  4. Hydrogen Bonding: NIR light can influence the strength and dynamics of hydrogen bonds between water molecules. Changes in hydrogen bonding patterns may affect the overall structure and properties of water.

​The concept of NIR light influencing the structuring of water into exclusion zone (EZ) water, also known as the fourth phase of water, is associated with the work of Dr. Gerald Pollack. According to Pollack's research, EZ water differs in its molecular arrangement from ordinary water, showing a structured pattern that extends beyond the traditional liquid structure.
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Formation of Exclusion Zone (EZ) Water:
  1. Light Absorption: Near-Infrared light is thought to be absorbed by certain molecules, particularly chromophores, present in water. This absorption may trigger changes in the molecular arrangement of water molecules, leading to the formation of structured zones known as exclusion zones.
  2. Structured Water Molecules: EZ water is characterized by a more ordered structure, where water molecules align in a way that creates a distinct phase with unique properties. This structured water has been suggested to have enhanced stability and a higher viscosity compared to regular water.
Influence on Mitochondrial Function:
  1. Increased Cellular Energy Production: Mitochondria, often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell, play a crucial role in energy production through processes like oxidative phosphorylation. Some theories propose that EZ water, with its structured nature, may have properties that enhance mitochondrial function.
  2. Improved Cellular Communication: Structured water may influence intercellular communication, potentially enhancing signaling pathways vital for cellular processes. Improved communication between cells could contribute to better overall cellular function, including mitochondrial activities.
  3. Reduced Oxidative Stress: The structured nature of EZ water has been associated with potential antioxidant-like properties. Mitochondria are susceptible to oxidative stress, and if EZ water indeed possesses antioxidant characteristics, it may contribute to a more favorable cellular environment.

It's important to note that the exact mechanisms and effects of NIR light on water structure are complex and may vary depending on factors such as the wavelength of the light, intensity, and exposure duration. The idea of NIR light structuring water has gained attention in various fields, including alternative health practices, and environmental research. The field of water structuring and its potential implications for cellular biology is still an area of active investigation within scientific communities.

Harnessing the Power of Hormetic Stress: The Biphased Dose Response of Red Light Therapy

Red light therapy emerges not only as a therapeutic modality but as a potent hormetic stressor, operating on a biphasic dose-response principle. In the realm of hormesis, a phenomenon where exposure to low doses of stressors triggers adaptive responses, red light therapy takes center stage by demonstrating a nuanced and beneficial relationship with the body's stress response.

Hormesis, in its essence, is the body's ability to adapt and respond positively to low doses of stress. Red light therapy, with its application of low levels of red and NIR light, acts as a hormetic stressor, initiating adaptive responses that strengthen cellular resilience and overall well-being.

The biphasic dose response of red light therapy implies that its effects on the body follow a distinctive pattern. At lower doses, red light elicits a positive response, triggering cellular repair, mitochondrial enhancement, and anti-inflammatory effects. As the dose increases, the beneficial effects continue, but there's a point where diminishing returns occur. Understanding this biphasic response allows for optimized use of red light therapy for maximum benefit.
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Learn more about Hormesis
Understanding the biphasic dose response of red light therapy allows for a personalized and optimal application. Tailoring the dose to individual needs ensures that the therapy remains within the hormetic zone, where the benefits are maximized without reaching a point of diminishing returns.

Incorporating red light therapy into your wellness routine becomes a strategic choice for embracing hormetic stress. The biphasic dose response unfolds a journey of cellular resilience, mitochondrial optimization, and enhanced well-being, showcasing red light therapy as a dynamic and adaptive ally in the pursuit of holistic health.

Applications: The Science Behind Red and Near-Infrared Light Therapy

  1. Cellular Energy Boost: Red and NIR light wavelengths penetrate the skin, reaching the cells' mitochondria – the powerhouse of the cell. This interaction stimulates the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary source of cellular energy. Increased ATP levels contribute to improved cellular function and overall energy production.
  2. Wound Healing: Red and NIR light therapy accelerates wound healing by promoting cellular proliferation and tissue repair. Studies reveal red light therapy accelerates closure and healing of wounds, including diabetic ulcers
  3. Muscle Recovery: Athletes use PBM to alleviate muscle soreness, enhance recovery, and improve performance. Red light reduces inflammation and damage in muscles while enhancing performance and growth by increasing microcirculation and tissue oxygenation. It’s been shown to help muscles heal after exercise and injury.
  4. Joint Health: Light therapy may help manage joint disorders by reducing inflammation and supporting cartilage health.
  5. Skin Conditions: PBM is employed for various dermatological concerns, including acne, rosacea, psoriasis, and skin aging. Researchers have observed that red light therapy visibly reduces wrinkles, fine lines, skin roughness and boosts collagen synthesis and density by stimulating fibroblast activity. It triggers specialized skin cells to regenerate and repair themselves. 
  6. Pain Management: Light therapy can contribute to pain relief in conditions like arthritis or musculoskeletal injuries. Red light is proven to successfully reduce nerve, back and other chronic pain.
  7. Improves Brain Function: Applying red light to the scalp can boost cognition and memory in people with dementia and other brain disorders by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. It may also lift mood and reduce anxiety by stimulating nerve cell growth.
  8. Regrows Hair: In those with androgenic alopecia, red light grows new, thicker, denser hair by stimulating follicles.

Incorporating Light Therapy into Your Routine

  1. Choose the Right Device: Invest in a reputable red or NIR light therapy device designed for your specific needs. The evidence suggests the maximum benefits come the exposure to specific wavelengths: 690-900 nm. Devices come in various forms, including handheld devices, panels, and full-body systems.
  2. Consistency is Key: To reap the maximum benefits, consistency is crucial. Incorporate light therapy sessions into your routine, and adhere to the recommended usage guidelines for your specific device.
  3. Consult with Professionals:​ Before starting any light therapy regimen, it's advisable to consult with healthcare professionals, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions.

Experience Revolutionary Healing with Boncharge Red Light Therapy Devices

Unlock the potential of cutting-edge healing with Boncharge Red Light Therapy devices, designed to redefine your wellness journey. These state-of-the-art devices boast a range of features aimed at maximizing therapeutic benefits while prioritizing your safety and comfort.
​
  1. Low EMF Levels: Boncharge sets the gold standard with impressively low EMF (Electromagnetic Field) levels ranging from 0.1 to 0.05 microtesla. This places Boncharge at the forefront of the market, ensuring that your exposure to electromagnetic fields during therapy sessions is minimized, fostering a safer and more effective healing environment.
  2. Flicker-Free LEDs for Enhanced Sleep: Bid farewell to restless nights! Boncharge Red Light Therapy devices incorporate flicker-free LEDs, a feature known to contribute to improved sleep quality. By eliminating the flickering effect associated with some light sources, Boncharge prioritizes your well-being, providing a seamless and relaxing experience.
  3. Built-in Timer for Convenience: Effortlessly integrate red light therapy into your routine with Boncharge's built-in timer feature. This user-friendly functionality allows you to tailor your sessions to your schedule, ensuring that you receive the optimal dosage of therapeutic light without any hassle.
  4. Dual or Independent Sessions: Enjoy versatility in your therapy approach with Boncharge's unique capability to deliver sessions with both NIR and red light simultaneously or independently. This flexibility enables you to customize your sessions based on your specific wellness goals, providing a personalized and targeted experience.
  5. Evidence-Based Design: Boncharge Red Light Therapy devices are grounded in evidence-based design, incorporating the latest research and technological advancements in the field. This commitment to scientific rigor ensures that you receive a therapy experience backed by credible data and designed to deliver tangible benefits to your overall well-being.
Save 15% with the code JOE15
For as little as 10 minutes per day (ideally in the morning), you can incorporate Boncharge Red Light Therapy devices into your wellness routine and embark on a journey of transformative healing. Elevate your experience with the assurance of low EMF, flicker-free LEDs, convenient built-in timers, and the flexibility to customize your sessions. Boncharge is not just a device; it's a commitment to evidence-based wellness, empowering you to thrive with the power of red light therapy.

Safety and Considerations

Red and NIR light therapy is generally considered safe with minimal side effects. However, appropriate device selection, treatment duration, and wavelength specificity are crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes.

It is very important to do a photosensitivity test prior to long sessions with your red light therapy device. To perform the test, turn on both the red and NIR functions on your red light therapy device and shine the light on an exposed part of your forearm, about 3 inches to 1 foot away, for 4 minutes. If you experience any discomfort or redness on your skin it is encouraged to not use your red light therapy device until you have sought professional advice from your doctor or healthcare provider.

Illuminating cellular healing

In conclusion, red and NIR light therapy, within the realm of PBM, represents a promising avenue for promoting cellular healing and overall well-being. As research continues, the applications and benefits of this non-invasive therapy are expected to expand.

​Red and NIR light therapy presents a compelling avenue for enhancing skin health and muscle recovery. As this technology continues to be explored, its potential applications in various fields, from sports medicine to dermatology, are expanding. By harnessing the power of light, individuals can embark on a journey toward improved vitality, resilience, and overall well-being. As with any wellness practice, informed decisions and professional guidance contribute to a holistic approach to health.

references

  1. Hamblin, M. R. (2017). Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation. AIMS Biophysics. https://doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2017.1.3
  2. Avci, P., Gupta, A., Sadasivam, M., Vecchio, D., Pam, Z., Pam, N., ... & Hamblin, M. R. (2013). Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sder.2013.04.003
  3. Barolet, D., Roberge, C. J., & Auger, F. A. (2009). Regulation of skin collagen metabolism in vitro using a pulsed 660 nm LED light source: clinical correlation with a single-blinded study. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2009.97
  4. Liebert, A. D., Bicknell, B. T., Adamskaya, N., & Adamskaya, N. (2006). Pulsed LED light therapy increases collagen production in skin fibroblasts in vitro. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20279
  5. Lanzafame, R. J., Blanche, R. R., Chiacchierini, R. P., & Kazmirek, E. R. (2007). The growth of human scalp hair mediated by visible red light laser and LED sources in males. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20477​
  6. Whelan, H. T., Smits, R. L., Buchman, E. V., Whelan, N. T., Turner, S. G., Margolis, D. A., ... & Hode, L. (2001). Effect of NASA light-emitting diode irradiation on wound healing. Journal of clinical laser medicine & surgery, 19(6), 305-314.
  7. Klepeis, N. E., Nelson, W. C., Ott, W. R., Robinson, J. P., Tsang, A. M., Switzer, P., ... & Engelmann, W. H. (2001). The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 11(3), 231-252.
  8. Wunsch, A., & Matuschka, K. (2014). A controlled trial to determine the efficacy of red and near-infrared light treatment in patient satisfaction, reduction of fine lines, wrinkles, skin roughness, and intradermal collagen density increase. Photomedicine and laser surgery, 32(2), 93-100.
  9. Avci, P., Gupta, A., Sadasivam, M., Vecchio, D., Pam, Z., Pam, N., & Hamblin, M. R. (2013). Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 32(1), 41-52.
  10. De Marchi, T., Leal Junior, E. C., Bortoli, C., Tomazoni, S. S., Lopes-Martins, R. Á. B., & Salvador, M. (2017). Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in human progressive-intensity running: effects on exercise performance, skeletal muscle status, and oxidative stress. Lasers in medical science, 32(9), 1939-1948.
  11. Saltmarche, A. E., Naeser, M. A., Ho, K. F., Hamblin, M. R., & Lim, L. (2017). Significant improvement in cognition in mild to moderately severe dementia cases treated with transcranial plus intranasal photobiomodulation: case series report. Photomedicine and laser surgery, 35(8), 432-441.
  12. Cassano, P., Petrie, S. R., Hamblin, M. R., Henderson, T. A., & Iosifescu, D. V. (2015). Review of transcranial photobiomodulation for major depressive disorder: targeting brain metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurogenesis. Neurophotonics, 3(3), 031404.
  13. Yu, H. S., Wu, C. S., Yu, C. L., Kao, Y. H., & Chiou, M. H. (2003). Helium-neon laser irradiation stimulates migration and proliferation in melanocytes and induces repigmentation in segmental-type vitiligo. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 120(1), 56-64.
  14. Gupta, A. K., Mays, R. R., Cooper, E. A., Waldstreicher, J., Leyden, J. J., Rybak, I., ... & Dunnick, C. A. (2014). A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled multicenter pivotal study evaluating the efficacy and safety of a low-level light therapy device for home use in subjects with male-pattern hair loss. Clinical drug investigation, 34(7), 513-523.
  15. Taradaj, J., Halski, T., Kucharzewski, M., Halska, U., & Kucio, C. (2018). Effect of laser irradiation at different wavelengths (940, 808 and 658 nm) on pressure ulcer healing: results from a clinical study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2018.
  16. Alfieri, D. F., de Jesus Guirro, R. R., de Cássia Registro Fonseca, M., dos Santos Tomazoni, S., da Silva, N. S. A., Tacani, R. E., ... & Leal-Junior, E. C. (2021). Immediate effects of photobiomodulation therapy on latent trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle: A randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled trial. Lasers in Medical Science, 36(1), 105-114.
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Solutions: How to Research Online

2/8/2022

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James Corbett delivers a live presentation on How to Research Online to the Greater Reset Activation III conference on January 30, 2022. In this demonstration, James shares his screen while he answers some research questions from his listeners.
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