Agrarianism is a socio-economic and political philosophy that places a significant emphasis on agriculture, rural life, and the well-being of farming communities. The term is derived from the Latin word "ager," which means "field" or "land." Agrarianism advocates for the importance of agriculture as the foundation of a healthy and sustainable society.

Agrarianism promotes countryside living over an urbanized lifestyle. It is a rejection of capitalism which it sees as damaging to rural and farming communities. Instead it advocates for these communities to be more self-sufficient living off local and sustainable produce. It's origins lie within a 19th century European movement which gave voice to peasants and farmers during the period of Industrial Revolution. In the 21st century however Agrarians favored decentralization of government, the promotion of traditional values, and fair rights in pay for farmers and farm workers.

Key principles of agrarianism include:

1. Agricultural Focus: Agrarianism prioritizes the cultivation of the land and views agriculture as the backbone of the economy. It recognizes the value of sustainable farming practices and the role of farmers in providing essential resources.
2. Rural Vitality: The philosophy promotes the well-being of rural communities, emphasizing the importance of preserving the social fabric and cultural heritage of countryside areas. Agrarianism often contrasts with urbanization and industrialization.
3. Localism: Agrarianism supports local economies and self-sufficiency. It encourages communities to produce and consume goods locally, reducing dependence on external sources and fostering a sense of autonomy.
4. Stewardship of the Land: Agrarianism values responsible land stewardship, emphasizing the need to conserve natural resources and maintain the health of the environment for future generations.
5. Resistance to Industrialization: Historically, agrarianism has been critical of industrialization, seeing it as a threat to rural life, agricultural traditions, and the environment. This perspective often reflects a preference for small-scale, family-owned farms.
6. Community Interdependence: Agrarian communities are seen as interconnected and interdependent, with a focus on shared responsibilities and cooperation. This sense of community extends beyond economic concerns to encompass social and cultural aspects.

Agrarianism has influenced various movements throughout history, including populist movements, environmentalism, and critiques of modern industrial society. It continues to shape discussions about sustainable agriculture, rural development, and the balance between technological progress and environmental stewardship.