The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends administering the Hepatitis B vaccine at the following ages:

• Day of birth (The hepatitis B vaccine is administered to more than 70% of neonates worldwide)
• 2 months
• 6-15 months

Hepatitis B is a contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It can lead to severe liver damage in a small percentage (less than 5%) of those infected. The virus is not highly contagious and cannot be transmitted through casual contact such as sharing utensils, sneezing, or coughing. HBV is spread through contact with infected body fluids, such as blood or semen, and can enter the body via skin cuts, shared needles, seasoned prostitutes, or during childbirth from an infected mother.

Globally, about 350 million people are infected with Hepatitis B, with only 1.2 million cases in the United States. Most cases are found in Asia and Africa.

A Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request of November 9, 2020, for ‘documentation sufficient to reflect any case(s) of transmission of Hepatitis B in an elementary, middle, or high school setting.’ A search of our records failed to reveal any documents pertaining to your request.

​Unless their mothers harbor the virus (determined by routine prenatal blood testing [Surface Antigen Test), newborns are probably the least likely human beings on the planet at risk of actually getting hepatitis B.

In 1996 only 54 cases of the disease were reported to the CDC in the 0-1 age group. There were 3.9 million births that year, so the observed incidence of hepatitis B in the 0-1 age group was just 0.001%. In the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), there were 1,080 total reports of adverse reactions from hepatitis B vaccine in 1996 in the 0-1 age group, with 47 deaths reported. Total VAERS hepatitis B reports for the 0-1 age group outnumber reported cases of the disease 20 to 1.

According to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the groups most at risk include intravenous drug users and men who have unprotected sex with other men. In the U.S., the highest rates of chronic Hepatitis B infection are among foreign-born individuals, particularly those from Asia, the Pacific Islands, and Africa.

Theoretically, the Hepatitis B vaccine should help prevent the spread of the disease as it is communicable. However, the vaccine's effectiveness is sometimes debated. According to the Physicians’ Desk Reference, the duration of the protective effect is unknown. The CDC states that the vaccine is 95% effective, but other studies suggest this efficacy may be overstated. Additionally, avoiding high-risk activities, such as unprotected sex with Hepatitis B-positive individuals and using dirty needles, provides protection.

Approximately 95% of individuals infected with Hepatitis B recover completely and gain lifelong immunity. For the remaining 5%, the virus can lead to serious complications, such as liver cancer or cirrhosis, over 20 to 40 years. Acute infections result in death in about 0.2% of cases.

Symptoms of Hepatitis B can vary from mild to severe, including:

• Loss of appetite
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever
• Fatigue
• Flu-like symptoms
• Dark urine
• Jaundice
• Pale stools
• Itching
• Enlarged liver

Treatment options include rest, avoiding alcohol, interferon, and hyperimmune globulin.

​Chronic Hepatitis B infection can lead to severe complications such as liver cancer, cirrhosis, and potentially death.

While the CDC claims the vaccine is 95% effective, the true efficacy may be lower. Routine booster doses are not generally recommended as the duration of the vaccine's protective effect is uncertain.

The Hepatitis B vaccine is especially beneficial for high-risk groups, such as IV drug users and those engaging in unsafe, unprotected sex with multiple partners. These individuals should carefully consider the risks and benefits of vaccination.

Engerix-B (GSK)

• Active Ingredients: 10 mcg HBsAg for pediatric/adolescent dose, 20 mcg HBsAg for adult dose.
• Adjuvants: 0.25 mg aluminum as aluminum hydroxide (pediatric/adolescent), 0.5 mg aluminum as aluminum hydroxide (adult).
• Excipients: Sodium chloride, phosphate buffers (disodium phosphate dihydrate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate).

Recombivax (Merck)

• Active Ingredients: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).
• Adjuvants: 0.5 mg aluminum (as amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate).
• Excipients: Yeast (genetically modified), residual formaldehyde (<15 mcg/mL).

Toxic Ingredients

• Formaldehyde: Recognized as highly toxic and is an eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritant. Children may be more susceptible than adults to the respiratory effects of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) causes corrosive injury to the gastrointestinal tract, especially the pharynx, epiglottis, esophagus, and stomach. The systemic effects of formaldehyde are due primarily to its metabolic conversion to formate, and may include metabolic acidosis, circulatory shock, respiratory insufficiency, and acute renal failure. Formaldehyde is a potent sensitizer and a probable human carcinogen.
• Aluminum: Known for its neurotoxic effects, aluminum exposure has been linked to conditions like Alzheimer’s disease. High levels can cause brain and bone diseases, especially in children with kidney issues. 

According to the CDC, one significant concern linked to following the childhood vaccination schedule is the risk of persistent asthma due to aluminum exposure. Aluminum, the most common vaccine adjuvant, is present in many vaccines, including the hepatitis B vaccine. Despite its known neurotoxicity, manufacturers add aluminum to vaccines to create an enhanced inflammatory response that theoretically generates higher protective antibodies.

However, an increasing number of parents are concerned that repeated exposure to vaccines containing aluminum may be harming their children. Indeed, previous animal studies have demonstrated that aluminum increases the risk of allergy by inducing a T helper 2 (Th2) cell-biased immune response. In simpler terms, aluminum causes T cells to become overactivated, exacerbating allergic responses. This overactivation is known to affect airway inflammation and the hyperresponsiveness observed in children with allergic asthma.
​
A study conducted in January involving 326,991 children born from 2008 to 2014 aimed to assess the association between cumulative aluminum exposure from vaccines before age 24 months and persistent asthma at ages 24 to 59 months. The study found a 1.26- and 1.19-times higher risk of persistent asthma for each additional milligram of vaccine-related aluminum exposure. While the observational study stopped short of proving a definitive link between aluminum-containing vaccines and asthma, it highlighted a concerning correlation.

Despite these findings, the CDC has stated that it has no intention of altering its vaccine recommendations based on this study alone. However, the researchers pointed out a notable trend: rates of asthma in U.S. children steadily increased in the 1980s and 1990s and then remained steady since 2001. This date is significant because most aluminum-containing vaccines were added to the childhood vaccine schedule before 2001. These vaccines include, for example, diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP), hepatitis B, some formulations of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
​
The persistence of asthma rates and the correlation with the introduction of aluminum-containing vaccines raise important questions about the long-term safety of these adjuvants in childhood immunizations. 

And that's not all the harm aluminum causes! Researchers have observed aluminum induces neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory effects (e.g. microglial activation) from dosages of aluminum adjuvants lower than or approximately equal to dosages received by infants according to the CDC vaccine schedule. Additionally, vaccines have been demonstrated to cause immuneactivation brain injury. These studies reveal that early-lifeimmune activation is a causal factor in autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders and mental illnesses (e.g. schizophrenia). The accumulating evidence indicates that vaccine-induced immune activation, and aluminum adjuvants in particular, may cause mental illnesses and neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism.

The HBV vaccine (Merck & GSK) was never tested against a true placebo, which is necessary to determine a safety profile risk prior to licensure.

Epidemiological and mechanistic evidence makes it clear that yeast proteins in HBV vaccines can cause numerous autoimmune disorders, including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), hypothyroidism, vitiligo and narcolepsy​.

Recombivax (Merck)  - safety review after injection = 5 days
The package insert for Merck’s Recombivax lists a range of potential side effects:

• Severe Allergic Reactions: Anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions, bronchospasm, urticaria.
• Musculoskeletal Issues: Arthralgia/arthritis (usually transient), muscle weakness, pain in extremities.
• Neurological Disorders: Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, exacerbation of multiple sclerosis, myelitis (including transverse myelitis), seizure, febrile seizure, peripheral neuropathy (including Bell’s Palsy), radiculopathy, encephalitis, migraine.
• Skin Conditions: Erythema multiforme, ecchymoses, erythema nodosum, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, petechiae, eczema, alopecia.
• Systemic Issues: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lupus-like syndrome, vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa, elevation of liver enzymes, generalized flushing, erythema, pruritic plaques, scleroderma-like lesions.
• Other Conditions: Fever, gastrointestinal disorders, dizziness, hypesthesia, dyspnea, visual disturbances, tinnitus, conjunctivitis, optic neuritis, uveitis, syncope, tachycardia.

Engerix-B (GlaxoSmithKline)  - safety review after injection = 4 days
The package insert for GlaxoSmithKline’s Engerix-B lists these side effects:

• Neurological Issues: Dizziness, headache, encephalitis, encephalopathy, migraine, multiple sclerosis, neuritis, neuropathy (including hypoesthesia, paresthesia, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Bell’s palsy), optic neuritis, paralysis, paresis, seizures, syncope, transverse myelitis.
• Allergic Reactions: Anaphylactoid reaction, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity syndrome (serum sickness-like), urticaria, erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum, angioedema.
• Musculoskeletal Issues: Arthralgia, back pain, myalgia, muscular weakness, pain/stiffness in arm, shoulder, or neck, arthritis.
• Skin Conditions: Erythema, petechiae, pruritus, rash, sweating, eczema, lichen planus, purpura, Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
• Systemic Issues: Lymphadenopathy, anorexia, agitation, insomnia, somnolence, tingling, flushing, hypotension, gastrointestinal issues (abdominal pain/cramps, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting), injection site reactions (erythema, induration, swelling, ecchymosis, pain, pruritus), upper respiratory tract illnesses, malaise, weakness, influenza-like symptoms, abnormal liver function tests, apnea, bronchospasm, dyspnea, conjunctivitis, keratitis, visual disturbances, earache, tinnitus, vertigo, palpitations, tachycardia, vasculitis.

The VAERS has documented various adverse events following Hepatitis B vaccination. Although vaccines are generally safe, the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) acknowledges and compensates for vaccine injuries. Since 1988, 279 lawsuits related to the Hepatitis B vaccine have been successful, highlighting the potential for serious side effects.

The persistent failure of neonatal Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) rates to decline, coinciding with the increased administration of the birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine, raised significant concerns. This prompted an investigation, particularly given the report by Silvers et al. which indicated that some infant deaths initially reported to VAERS as SIDS between July 1990 and June 1997 would not meet the current SIDS case definition.
​
From 1992 to 2002, 170 reports related to neonatal hepatitis B vaccination were filed with VAERS in New Hampshire. Of these, 38 reports (22.4%) concerned deaths, with 29 cases remaining unexplained. Within these, 24 deaths were classified as SIDS according to the United States National Vital Statistics, while 4 were attributed to unknown causes.

Preterm infants, particularly those with a birth weight below 2000 grams, have a reduced immune response to the hepatitis B vaccine. Consequently, it is recommended to delay vaccination until these infants reach the age of one month to ensure a more effective immune response.

In addition to the death reports, there were 11 reports of emergency room visits following vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine lot 2612A2. By the end of 2002, there were also 30 VAERS reports indicating cerebral edema after the administration of the hepatitis B vaccine, either alone or in combination with other vaccines. Over the same period, from January 1992 to December 2002, VAERS received approximately 60 reports of bleeding and about 700 reports listing liver problems following hepatitis B vaccination.

These findings highlight the need for ongoing surveillance and evaluation of vaccine safety, particularly in vulnerable populations such as preterm infants. The data underscores the importance of careful consideration and adherence to vaccination guidelines to minimize adverse effects and ensure the health and safety of all infants.

Recent research (2016) has raised concerns about the neurological impacts of the Hepatitis B vaccine, particularly in early developmental stages. A notable study involving mice demonstrated that those vaccinated with the HBV vaccine exhibited significant behavioral changes. The vaccinated mice, referred to as HBV mice in the study, showed a marked decrease in locomotion, indicating reduced physical activity. Additionally, these mice displayed increased anxiety levels, a concerning behavioral shift that highlights potential neurological disturbances caused by the vaccine.

One of the most striking findings from the study was the significant increase in the cytokine IL-6 levels in the HBV mice. IL-6 is a biomarker that has been associated with various neurological conditions, including autism. The elevated IL-6 levels in the vaccinated mice suggest a possible link between the HBV vaccine and neuroinflammatory processes, which could contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders.

The study authors were particularly troubled by the latency period observed in the onset of neurological symptoms. The adverse effects on behavior and neurogenesis in the hippocampus did not manifest immediately but appeared after a considerable delay post-vaccination - it takes time for the side effects to appear. This latency is significant because it suggests that the current short-term monitoring periods used in vaccine trials may not be sufficient to detect all potential adverse effects. The authors noted the complexity of the mechanisms underlying this delayed response, indicating a need for further research to fully understand the immune and neural interactions at play.

The conclusions drawn by the study authors are compelling and call for a reevaluation of the current vaccination practices, especially in neonates. The study's findings suggest a potential association between early HBV vaccination and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism and multiple sclerosis. The authors explicitly state that their work reveals, for the first time, the impairments in behavior and hippocampal neurogenesis induced by early HBV vaccination.

This study underscores the critical role of animal research in understanding the neurotoxic effects of vaccine adjuvants. A recent editorial by a group of scientists emphasized that animal studies are crucial for identifying neuro/immunologic adverse effects that are difficult to establish through epidemiological studies alone. Epidemiology, which relies on large-scale data analysis, can often miss subtle but significant health outcomes. Therefore, biological science and animal studies, like the one conducted by Dr. Yao and his colleagues, are essential for a comprehensive assessment of vaccine safety.

​The evidence presented in this study provides a substantial challenge to the assumption that vaccines, including the HBV vaccine, are entirely safe with regard to neurological health. The observed behavioral changes, cytokine spikes, and delayed onset of symptoms in vaccinated mice suggest that more extensive and long-term studies are necessary. These findings highlight the importance of reconsidering the current vaccination protocols and ensuring that safety assessments are thorough and adequately long-term. As the debate over vaccine safety continues, studies like this serve as a crucial reminder of the potential complexities and risks involved in immunization practices.

Recent findings indicate that U.S. male neonates vaccinated with the hepatitis B vaccine before 1999 faced a significantly higher risk of being diagnosed with autism. Specifically, these boys had a threefold increased risk of an autism diagnosis reported by their parents compared to those who were not vaccinated as neonates during the same period.
​
The risk was particularly pronounced among nonwhite boys, suggesting that racial disparities might play a role in vaccine-related outcomes. This data underscores the need for thorough investigation into the potential long-term effects of neonatal hepatitis B vaccination and highlights the importance of considering demographic factors when assessing vaccine safety and efficacy.

The CDC advises consulting with a healthcare provider before vaccination if there has been an allergic reaction to a previous dose, any severe allergies (to yeast or heavy metals), or if the individual is moderately or severely ill. Newborns, who are neither IV drug users nor sexually active, are often deemed not to be at significant risk for Hepatitis B and may not be ideal candidates for this vaccine, given the risks associated with all medical procedures, including vaccinations.

It is undeniable, the Hepatitis B vaccine contains ingredients that pose potential risks. Both Recombivax and Engerix-B list significant side effects and contain aluminum and formaldehyde, which have known toxicities. The administration of the Hepatitis B vaccine to newborns should be carefully considered. Evaluating the risks and benefits, understanding potential side effects, and considering lifestyle factors are essential steps in making an informed decision about the Hepatitis B vaccine.

Infants, toddlers, and young children who receive the hepatitis B vaccine face minimal risk of contracting hepatitis B, yet they are subjected to significant potential risks. These risks include the development of neurodevelopmental disorders, autoimmune illnesses, and even the possibility of death.

For children in the 0-1 age group, the ratio of reported vaccine injuries and deaths associated with the hepatitis B vaccine to actual cases of hepatitis B infection is at least 20:1. This stark disparity raises serious questions about the constitutionality of mandating hepatitis B vaccination for populations with little to no risk of contracting the disease.
​
Mandates for hepatitis B vaccination in these young populations fail to respect the principles of personal liberty, equal protection under the law, and the health rights of the children. The imposition of such mandates without sufficient justification for the targeted age group undermines the protection of individual freedoms and raises ethical and legal concerns.

“ATSDR - Public Health Statement: Aluminum.” Web.archive.org, 13 Mar. 2020, web.archive.org/web/20200313041154/www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=1076&tid=34. 

ENGERIX-B [Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)] . www.fda.gov/media/119403/download.

RECOMBIVAX HB® Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant). www.fda.gov/files/vaccines%2C%20blood%20%26%20biologics/published/package-insert-recombivax-hb.pdf.

“Drug Summary.” Www.pdr.net, www.pdr.net/drug-summary/?drugLabelId=Recombivax-HB-hepatitis-B-vaccine--recombinant--383. 


“Hepatitis B at Risk.” Archive.org, 2024, web.archive.org/web/20170221214342/www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hbv/pdfs/hepbatrisk.pdf. 

“Hepatitis B Basics.” HHS.gov, 30 Jan. 2019, www.hhs.gov/hepatitis/learn-about-viral-hepatitis/hepatitis-b-basics/index.html.

​Arumugham, Vinu. Bioinformatics and Epidemiological Evidence Link Yeast Protein Containing HPV and Hepatitis B Vaccines to Numerous Autoimmune Disorders such as Vitiligo, Narcolepsy, Hypothyroidism, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Nov. 2018, childrenshealthdefense.org/wp-content/uploads/Arumugham-2018-Bioinformatics-and-epidemiological-evidence-link-yeast-protein-containing-HPV.pdf.

Brehm, Elizabeth. FOIA - Hepatitis B Transmission. 2020 https://icandecide.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/CDC-FOIA-response-showing-no-hep-b-cases-transmitted-in-schools.pdf 

Yang, Junhua, et al. “Neonatal Hepatitis B Vaccination Impaired the Behavior and Neurogenesis of Mice Transiently in Early Adulthood.” Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol. 73, 1 Nov. 2016, pp. 166–176, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453016305145?casa_token=xj3nJbD0jGEAAAAA:MJHQTcz5-vuKZp1g-uMiO6rmrVOmFufr83io_SGypMR99W4ri9GYc6WwSVenOuIH3pBk08dC, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.08.002. 

Soldatenkova, Valentina A, and F. Edward Yazbak. “An Investigation of Infant Deaths Following Initial Hepatitis B Vaccination Based on the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 1992-2002.” Medical Veritas, vol. 4, 1 Jan. 2007. 
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Gallagher, Carolyn M., and Melody S. Goodman. “Hepatitis B Vaccination of Male Neonates and Autism Diagnosis, NHIS 1997–2002.” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, vol. 73, no. 24, 29 Oct. 2010, pp. 1665–1677, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2010.519317.

​Belkin , Michael. “Michael Belkin Testimony to Congress.” Whale.to, 1999, whale.to/vaccines/belkin.html. Accessed 13 June 2024.

​HogenEsch, Harm. “Mechanism of Immunopotentiation and Safety of Aluminum Adjuvants.” Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 3, no. 406, 10 Jan. 2013, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3541479/, https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2012.00406.

​“T Helper 2 Cell Overview - US.” Www.thermofisher.com, www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/cell-analysis-learning-center/immunology-at-work/t-helper-2-cell-overview.html.

​Daley, Matthew F., et al. “Association between Aluminum Exposure from Vaccines before Age 24 Months and Persistent Asthma at Age 24 to 59 Months.” Academic Pediatrics, vol. 23, no. 1, 2023, pp. 37–46, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36180331/, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2022.08.006. Accessed 13 Feb. 2024.

​Exley, Christopher. “What Is the Risk of Aluminium as a Neurotoxin?” Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, vol. 14, no. 6, 30 Apr. 2014, pp. 589–591, https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2014.915745.

Newborns are exposed to aluminum through various sources, including vaccines and the vitamin K shot administered shortly after birth. Aluminum is used as an adjuvant in many vaccines to enhance the immune response. However, the package insert for Pfizer’s vitamin K formulation explicitly warns that the product "contains aluminum that may be toxic," and notes that "premature neonates are particularly at risk." Despite this warning, it is common practice to administer vitamin K shots to preterm infants, raising significant safety concerns.

Despite its widespread use, the vitamin K injection has faced criticism from some quarters. Critics argue that the risk of VKDB is minimal and that the injection, which contains synthetic vitamin K (phytonadione) and other additives (including aluminum), may pose potential risks to infants.

​Reported side effects include:

• Cardiac Disorders: Tachycardia, hypotension
• General Disorders: Generalized flushing, pain, swelling, and tenderness at the injection site
• Hepatobiliary Disorders: Hyperbilirubinemia
• Immune System Disorders: Fatal hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylactic reactions
• Neurologic: Dysgeusia, dizziness
• Pulmonary: Dyspnea
• Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Erythema, pruritic plaques, scleroderma-like lesions, erythema perstans
• Vascular: Cyanosis

Deaths have occurred after intravenous and intramuscular administration​.

Additionally, there is a risk of hemolysis, jaundice, and hyperbilirubinemia, particularly in premature infants, if an overdose of phytonadione injectable emulsion occurs.

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for several bodily functions, including blood clotting and bone health. It exists in two primary forms: Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and Vitamin K2 (menaquinone). Both forms play distinct roles in the body.

Functions of Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone)

• Blood Clotting (Coagulation)
  1. Activation of Clotting Factors: Vitamin K1 is crucial for the synthesis of several proteins that mediate coagulation, particularly prothrombin (factor II) and factors VII, IX, and X. These proteins are essential for blood clotting and wound healing .
  2. Conversion to Active Forms: It helps convert these clotting factors into their active forms, which can bind calcium ions and participate in the clotting cascade.
• Osteocalcin Activation: Vitamin K1 assists in the carboxylation of osteocalcin, a protein necessary for binding calcium to the bone matrix, thereby contributing to bone mineralization and strength .
• Regulation of Calcification: Vitamin K1 also helps prevent the calcification of blood vessels, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases by regulating proteins like matrix Gla-protein (MGP), which inhibit vascular calcification .

Functions of Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone)

• Activation of Clotting Factors: Both MK-4 and MK-7 play crucial roles in the synthesis of proteins required for blood clotting, such as prothrombin. This function is essential for preventing excessive bleeding.
• Reduction of Inflammation: Some studies suggest that vitamin K2 has anti-inflammatory properties, which may help reduce the risk of chronic inflammatory diseases.
• Cellular Growth and Health: MK-4, in particular, is involved in the regulation of cellular growth and apoptosis (programmed cell death), playing a role in cancer prevention and overall cellular health.
• Bone Health
  1. Enhancement of Osteocalcin: Similar to K1, Vitamin K2 plays a crucial role in bone health by aiding the carboxylation of osteocalcin. This form of Vitamin K is particularly effective in supporting bone density and reducing the risk of fractures .
  2. Support for Bone Formation: It also stimulates bone formation by enhancing the function of osteoblasts, the cells responsible for building new bone tissue .
• Prevention of Arterial Calcification: Vitamin K2 is known for its role in reducing arterial stiffness and preventing calcification of arteries, which can help lower the risk of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular conditions .
• Metabolic and Hormonal Health
  1. Regulation of Glucose Metabolism: Some studies suggest that Vitamin K2 can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose metabolism .
  2. Hormonal Balance: K2 has also been implicated in the regulation of sex hormones, contributing to reproductive health and overall hormonal balance .​

Both forms of Vitamin K have been shown to support detoxification processes indirectly through their roles in overall health maintenance:

• Support Liver Function: The liver is the primary site for Vitamin K storage and use, particularly in producing clotting factors. By supporting liver function, Vitamin K can help maintain efficient detoxification processes .
• Antioxidant Properties: Vitamin K has antioxidant properties, which can protect cells from oxidative stress and damage, a key component of effective detoxification .

​Overall, both Vitamin K1 and K2 are vital for maintaining various physiological processes, with each form offering unique benefits that contribute to overall health.

Advocates for a more natural approach suggest that proper maternal nutrition during pregnancy can help ensure adequate vitamin K levels in newborns. A diet rich in natural vitamin K from sources such as green leafy vegetables, fermented foods, and animal products is recommended. Colostrum, the first form of breast milk, is also naturally rich in vitamin K and can help boost the newborn's levels.

Natural Sources of Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone)
Vitamin K1 is primarily found in green leafy vegetables. Some of the best sources include:

1. Kale
2. Spinach
3. Collard Greens
4. Swiss Chard
5. Turnip Greens
6. Broccoli
7. Brussels Sprouts
8. Cabbage
9. Green Tea
10. Herbs (Cilantro, Parsley)

Natural Sources of Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone)
Vitamin K2 exists in several subtypes, with MK-4 and MK-7 being the most studied and understood. Vitamin K2 is found in certain animal products and fermented foods.
MK-4 (Menaquinone-4)

• Animal Products:
  1. Liver: Beef, pork and chicken liver are rich in MK-4.
  2. Egg Yolks: A significant source of MK-4.
  3. Dairy Products: Full-fat (ideally raw and pasture-raised) dairy products such as butter, cheese, and whole milk.
  4. Fish (Salmon, Mackerel)
  5. Chicken: Particularly the dark meat.

MK-7 (Menaquinone-7)

• Fermented Foods:
  1. Natto: Fermented soybeans are the richest source of MK-7.
  2. Fermented Vegetables: Foods like sauerkraut and kimchi can contain MK-7.
  3. Cheeses: Certain fermented cheeses, such as Gouda, Jarlsberg, and Edam, are good sources of MK-7.
  4. Fermented Dairy Products (Kefir, Yogurt)​

​Incorporating these foods into a diet can help ensure adequate intake of both vitamin K1 and K2, supporting overall health and specific functions such as blood clotting and bone health.

The vitamin K injection for newborns is a standard medical practice in many countries to prevent a rare but serious condition called Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB). However, the approach to administering vitamin K can vary between countries, influenced by cultural norms, healthcare policies, and parental preferences.

Nations Where Vitamin K Injection is Not Universally Administered:

1. The Netherlands: Vitamin K is commonly administered orally rather than by injection. Newborns receive an oral dose at birth and continued supplementation for breastfeeding infants.
2. Sweden: Both oral and injection methods are used, with oral administration being more common.
3. Germany: Vitamin K is typically given orally in multiple doses rather than via injection.
4. Japan: The oral method is preferred, with doses administered during health checkups.
5. Switzerland: Oral vitamin K supplementation is the standard, although injections are available in some cases.

When comparing neonatal and infant mortality rates between the United States and countries like the Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, Japan, and Switzerland, notable differences emerge.

Miller NZ, Goldman GS. Infant mortality rates regressed against number of vaccine doses routinely given: Is there a biochemical or synergistic toxicity? Human & Experimental Toxicology. 2011;30(9):1420-1428. doi:10.1177/0960327111407644

Y. de Vries J, Pundir S, Mckenzie E, Keijer J, Kussmann M. Maternal Circulating Vitamin Status and Colostrum Vitamin Composition in Healthy Lactating Women—A Systematic Approach. Nutrients. 2018; 10(6):687. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060687

https://labeling.pfizer.com/ShowLabeling.aspx?id=5392​

​Shaw, C. A., & Tomljenovic, L. (2013). Aluminum in the central nervous system (CNS): toxicity in humans and animals, vaccine adjuvants, and autoimmunity. Immunologic Research, 56, 304-316.